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51.
Since Dorfman's seminal work on the subject, group testing has been widely adopted in epidemiological studies. In Dorfman's context of detecting syphilis, group testing entails pooling blood samples and testing the pools, as opposed to testing individual samples. A negative pool indicates all individuals in the pool free of syphilis antigen, whereas a positive pool suggests one or more individuals carry the antigen. With covariate information collected, researchers have considered regression models that allow one to estimate covariate‐adjusted disease probability. We study maximum likelihood estimators of covariate effects in these regression models when the group testing response is prone to error. We show that, when compared with inference drawn from individual testing data, inference based on group testing data can be more resilient to response misclassification in terms of bias and efficiency. We provide valuable guidance on designing the group composition to alleviate adverse effects of misclassification on statistical inference. 相似文献
52.
This article examines the formation and negotiation of identity among the Kampung Pasir Parit Peranakan Chinese, a unique sub-ethnic group of acculturated Chinese in Kelantan. Apart from their original Chinese identity, the Kampung Pasir Parit Peranakan Chinese have also adopted two additional identities, namely Malay and Siamese identities. Intermarriage with Siamese women in the early years is the main reason for the adoption of the Siamese identity, while regular social interactions with the local Malays have led to the adoption of a Malay identity. Thus, the identity of the Kampung Pasir Parit Peranakan Chinese comprises three contrasting components. Given such a complex identity, there is always a need for the Kampung Pasir Parit Peranakan Chinese to negotiate their identities to avoid any identity crisis. This negotiation of identity is at times demonstrated by the co-existence of identities and at times the clear demarcation of identities to fulfil different situational needs. 相似文献
53.
Md. Khaled Saifullah Fatimah Binti Kari Azmah Othman 《Social indicators research》2018,135(1):215-231
The indigenous people have been identified to be among the poorest and the most socioeconomically and culturally marginalized people all over the world. The main purpose of the paper is to explore the socioeconomic and demographic factors of indigenous people in Peninsular Malaysia in context of poverty and the role of income dependency of non-timber forest products (NTFP). The data were collected in 2014 and 2015 through primary and secondary sources. Partial least squares (PLS) method was used to analysis the data. PLS is a modeling technique that features multiple regression and principal component analysis. The study shows that still a large number of indigenous households is involved in the NTFP activities. But the communities are moving away from NTFP based income to cash-crop based income because of poor sustainable forest management and lack of forest property rights. However, NTFP have a significant role in the household income and contribute 24% of the average income. Moreover, the analysis shows that location is significant to the poverty. There should be a suitable sustainable forest management system which can teach these indigenous communities about proper way of NTFP gathering and given proper rights to forest land. Furthermore, education is not significant to indigenous people and there is a high rate of school dropout among them. The government should introduce a different education system for indigenous communities which will emphasize the importance of education to them. 相似文献
54.
Shabbir Muhammad Salman Siddiqi Ahmed F. Kassim Normalini Md Mustafa Faisal Salman Rabia 《Social indicators research》2020,147(1):95-109
Social Indicators Research - Child labor is a distressing issue. There have been many attempts to estimate its magnitude. It is attempted here to develop an estimator to assess the magnitude of... 相似文献
55.
On the comparison of the pre-test and shrinkage estimators for the univariate normal mean 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The estimation of the mean of an univariate normal population with unknown variance is considered when uncertain non-sample
prior information is available. Alternative estimators are defined to incorporate both the sample as well as the non-sample
information in the estimation process. Some of the important statistical properties of the restricted, preliminary test, and
shrinkage estimators are investigated. The performances of the estimators are compared based on the criteria of unbiasedness
and mean square error in order to search for a ‘best’ estimator. Both analytical and graphical methods are explored. There
is no superior estimator that uniformly dominates the others. However, if the non-sample information regarding the value of
the mean is close to its true value, the shrinkage estimator over performs the rest of the estimators.
Received: June 19, 1999; revised version: March 23, 2000 相似文献
56.
Religious and ethnicity issues in multicultural societies have always been difficult to report. This study aims to conduct a framing analysis of the coverage of the biggest inter-religious dispute in Malaysia to date – the “Allah” dispute. Specifically, the study compares the coverage of Chinese-, English-, and Malay-language newspapers and assesses the factors that lead to differences in frame building. The findings showed that these newspapers reported the dispute with different degrees of intensity and prominence, and they employed different news sources. Although conflict appeared to be the salient frame used by the dailies, the aspects highlighted by them varied. Sin Chew (Chinese-language daily) was the most vocal in its coverage, which reflected a counter-hegemonic discourse. The Star (English-language daily) used a moderate approach, while Utusan (Malay-language daily) strongly supported the status quo. The frames built by The Star and Utusan could be attributed to the fact that these two newspapers were inclined to serve the politically vested interests of their owners. 相似文献
57.
孟加拉国各省、区的人口分布存在着不均衡的特点,采取定量分析的方法,选取人口密度指数、胡佛指数和非均质性指数(index of concentration,Hoover’s index and in-homogeneity index)指标来分析孟加拉国人口分布现有的不平等程度和非均质性。研究结果表明,孟加拉国各省、区的人口集中都存在增加的趋势。同时,通过对斯皮尔曼等级相关系数(Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient)的计算,分析孟加拉国的各地区土地面积和人口密度的关系,发现二者之间存在着较大的负相关关系。 相似文献
58.
Debajyoti Mondal Rahnuma Islam Nishat Sudip Biswas Md. Saidur Rahman 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2013,25(3):460-480
A convex drawing of a plane graph G is a plane drawing of G, where each vertex is drawn as a point, each edge is drawn as a straight line segment and each face is drawn as a convex polygon. A maximal segment is a drawing of a maximal set of edges that form a straight line segment. A minimum-segment convex drawing of G is a convex drawing of G where the number of maximal segments is the minimum among all possible convex drawings of G. In this paper, we present a linear-time algorithm to obtain a minimum-segment convex drawing Γ of a 3-connected cubic plane graph G of n vertices, where the drawing is not a grid drawing. We also give a linear-time algorithm to obtain a convex grid drawing of G on an $(\frac{n}{2}+1)\times(\frac {n}{2}+1)$ grid with at most s n +1 maximal segments, where $s_{n}=\frac{n}{2}+3$ is the lower bound on the number of maximal segments in a convex drawing of G. 相似文献
59.
Kåre Moen Md MPH Peter Aggleton PhD Melkizedeck T. Leshabari DSc Anne-Lise Middelthon PhD 《Journal of homosexuality》2014,61(4):511-539
Drawing on 15 months of fieldwork, this article explores ways in which same-sex relations are perceived and performed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. While several different constructions of same-sex sexuality coexist in Dar es Salaam, it is common to conceive of same-sex practicing men as falling into two main categories. Men belonging to each of these differ with respect to the corporeal, gendered, and social positions that are open to them, and typically form dyads across the conceptual boundary of difference that runs between them. The article speaks to the importance of examining sexuality and gender in particular sociocultural settings. 相似文献
60.
The problem of estimation of the regression coefficients in a multiple regression model is considered under multicollinearity situation when it is suspected that the regression coefficients may be restricted to a subspace. We present the estimators of the regression coefficients combining the idea of preliminary test and ridge regression methodology. Accordingly, we consider three estimators, namely, the unrestricted ridge regression estimator (URRE), the restricted ridge regression estimator (RRRE), and finally, the preliminary test ridge regression estimator (PTRRE). The biases, variancematrices and mean square errors (mse) of the estimators are derived and compared with the usual estimators. Regions of optimality of the estimators are determined by studying the mse criterion. The conditions of superiority of the estimators over the traditional estimators as in Saleh and Han (1990) and Ali and Saleh (1991) have also been discussed. 相似文献