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11.
Andrea Saltelli Beatrice D’Hombres Jochen Jesinghaus Anna Rita Manca Massimiliano Mascherini Michela Nardo Michaela Saisana 《Social indicators research》2011,102(2):197-207
This paper looks at the role of statistics-based knowledge in the making of EU policy. We highlight shortcomings in the use of statistical indicators made in the course of the Lisbon strategy, ended in 2010. In our opinion the shortcomings
are: (i) The paradox of the coexistence within the same European Commission of two holistic frameworks: the Structural Indicators and the Sustainable Development Indicators. One does not understand which of these two systems is taken to measure the overall policy performance of the European Union.
(ii) A communication issue whereby the Lisbon strategy and its offspring EU 2020 are not communicated (Lisbon is to the average citizen the capital
of Portugal) and are especially not communicated in relation to existing statistical indicators of good quality, against the
opinion of academicians that transparency and accountability based on sound statistics favour democracy and participation. We illustrate the reasons that lead us to see these points as problematic and offer suggestions
on how these should be tackled in line with the practices developed in the Open Method of Coordination. The danger is that
in the absence of a debate on the issue, these shortcomings be perpetuated in the EU 2020 strategy. 相似文献
12.
Michaela Leitner Mag.a 《?sterreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie》2011,36(2):109-119
?My Life ?? My Style ?? My Future?? was a project in which pupils of two Viennese schools analysed their own lifestyles and those of other teenagers by using social research methods. The article presents quantitative results regarding consumption patterns, communication styles, values and attitudes in order to explore the potentials for sustainability-related communication strategies for young people. 相似文献
13.
This preregistered study examined how face masks influenced face memory in a North American sample of 6- to 9-month-old infants (N = 58) born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infants' memory was tested using a standard visual paired comparison (VPC) task. We crossed whether or not the faces were masked during familiarization and test, yielding four trial types (masked-familiarization/masked-test, unmasked-familiarization/masked-test, masked-familiarization/unmasked-test, and unmasked-familiarization/unmasked-test). Infants showed memory for the faces if the faces were unmasked at test, regardless of whether or not the face was masked during familiarization. However, infants did not show robust evidence of memory when test faces were masked, regardless of the familiarization condition. In addition, infants' bias for looking at the upper (eye) region was greater for masked than unmasked faces, although this difference was unrelated to memory performance. In summary, although the presence of face masks does appear to influence infants' processing of and memory for faces, they can form memories of masked faces and recognize those familiar faces even when unmasked. 相似文献
14.
Education is one major public service in which quasi‐markets and other choice‐based mechanisms are now established methods of delivery. The types of school people choose, and the extent to which their choices are realized, have a fundamental impact on the outcomes of any mechanism of school choice. In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of the school choice strategies of middle‐class families in London and Paris. We draw on approximately 200 in‐depth interviews carried out across the two cities. This enables us to investigate the extent to which middle‐class school choice strategies transcend the institutional context provided by both the local (state and private) schools market and national education policy in England and France. We discuss these findings in the context of current school choice policy and consider their implications for future policy design. 相似文献
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There is a vast empirical literature investigating the effects of child care costson female employment. Day-care costs are usually treated as a reduction infemale wages and are supposed to reduce a woman's propensity to participatein the labor market. In this paper we argue that an analysis of the effects ofchild care on the employment of mothers in Germany should focus on theavailability rather than the affordability of care, due to peculiarities of theGerman day-care regime. Our empirical findings cast doubt on the effectivenessof the current German day-care regime. Specifically, we question the extent towhich it enables mothers to participate in the labor market. 相似文献
18.
This paper discusses the statistical properties of jump-diffusion processes and reports on parameter estimates for the DAX stock index and 48 German stocks with traded options. It is found that a Poisson-type jump-diffusion process can explain the high levels of kurtosis and skewness of observed return distributions of German stocks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the return dynamics of the DAX include a statistically significant jump component except for a few sample subperiods. This finding is seen to be inconsistent with asset pricing models assuming that the jump component of the stock's return is unsystematic and diversifiable in the market portfolio. 相似文献
19.
Patrick J. Leman Monika Keller Masanori Takezawa Michaela Gummerum 《Social Development》2009,18(3):711-727
Two hundred and ninety-four participants aged between 7 and 17 years of age were asked to share out money between themselves and another, imaginary group. Individual responses were recorded as well as responses after discussion in a group with two other participants. The distribution task took place in two different experimental conditions that either gave participants a free choice about how much to offer to the other group or involved making a strategic offer to avoid the other group rejecting an offer and losing all the money. From 10 years of age onwards, when allowed to choose freely how much to share, boys made progressively less generous offers than girls whereas girls' offers remained the same with age. However, when inter-group strategic constraints were present, there were few gender differences from 10 years of age. The order in which games were presented was a powerful influence on the offers that participants made. 相似文献
20.
Michaela Zint 《Evaluation and program planning》2010,33(2):178-179
My Environmental Education Evaluation Resource Assistant or “MEERA” is a web-site designed to support environmental educators’ program evaluation activities. MEERA has several characteristics that set it apart from other self-directed learning evaluation resources. Readers are encouraged to explore the site and to reflect on the role that self-directed learning resources can play in program evaluation and how those resources could be better designed. 相似文献