Holocaust Education in the Czech Republic, 1989-2002

The issue of the Holocaust in Czech education has undergone profound changes since 1989. While the topic was still widely ignored in Czech textbooks and school instruction during the early 1990s, it has slowly become--in the last few years--a standard part of history lessons and newer textbooks. Teacher training courses, as well as other activities, have served to promote and support Holocaust education. The paper also illuminates the difficulties that Czech historians and educators encounter when they try to incorporate the topic of the Holocaust into Czech history lessons, especially when they wish to address Czech anti-Semitism and racism. Further improvement of Holocaust education in the Czech Republic will depend on reforming Czech teaching and instruction in such a way that more modern teaching methods are adopted. Od roku 1989 prosˇ lo vzde é l´v´ní é o holocaustu v ? eskeé republice z´sadní émi zme é nami. Zatí émco na po? ´tku 90. let bylo toto teéma v ? eskyéch u? ebnicí éch a ve vyéuce v podstate é ignorov´no, v poslední éch ne é kolika letech se stalo standardní é sou? ´stí é u? ební ého procesu. Vzde é l´v´ní é o holocaustu podporují é ru? zneé projekty, v? etne é sˇ kolení é u? itelu? . Tento ? l´nek se ale z´roven é pokousˇí é uk´zat, na jakeé obtí éz é e nar´z é ejí é ? esˇ tí é historici a pedagogoveé, kdyz é se snaz éí é za? lenit teéma holocaustu do kontextu ? eskyéch de é jin a pr é edevsˇí ém kdyz é se mají é zabyévat citlivyémi teématy ? eskeého anti-Semitismu a rasismu. Z´roven é se v ? l´nku poukazuje na to, z é e dalsˇí é zlepsˇ ov´ní é vyéuky o holocaustu uézce souvisí é s reformou ? eskeého sˇ kolství é ve prospe é ch moderní éch vyéukovyéch metod.     

Life-Stage and Mobility: An Exploratory GPS Study of Mobility in Multigenerational Families,Ahmedabad, India

As the population of older adults in India grows, research is needed to plan a sustainable future for India’s older adults. This article reports results from a Global Positioning System (GPS)–based pilot study that examined the mobility of middle-class, older adults living in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Using mobility as a lens through which to examine the lives of older adults, we map potential research and identify policy areas of interest considering older adults in urban India. The study explores the role of life stage in mobility as well as the effects of gender and urban environment on mobility. Using this distinctive perspective on day-to-day life, we propose themes through which, using policy and planning tools, the living environments of older adults in Indian cities can be improved. These policy measures include focusing on walkability and pedestrian safety in residential areas and building on existing mixed land use to create high accessibility to goods and services in urban environments.     

Politics of geographic exclusion: deinstitutionalization,hegemony and persons with intellectual disability in Israel

Deinstitutionalization is a core policy for the development of services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in western countries. Nonetheless, although a western country, deinstitutionalization is not well advanced in Israel. In order to shed light on this phenomenon, we explore the hegemony of ID as reflected in Israeli legislation. The analysis shows a biomedical hegemony; ID is depicted as a form of medical and social deviance. Israel’s legislation reflects paternalistic views of persons with ID, who are largely seen as vulnerable objects of pity, to be cared for and protected.     

察合台汗国的外交与遣使实践初探

正就我所知,察合台汗国送往其他国家的信札均未被保存下来。然而察合台汗国位于诸蒙古汗国的中心,且与邻国的关系往往很紧张,许多不同的史料也提及察合台汗国的使臣和信件,可见察合台汗国与其他蒙古汗国,以及诸如埃及和叙利亚的马木鲁克算端、德里算端、教廷等同时代     

Reprogramming Femininity? The Construction of Gender Identities in the Israeli Hi‐tech Industry between Global and Local Gender Orders

Based on the study of gender identities in the Israeli hi‐tech sector, this article sets out to explore the doing of gender in a context comprised of two cultural repertoires characterized by divergent and contradictory fundamental assumptions: the new masculine transnational economy and pro‐natalist Israeli society. The article demonstrates how, by manoeuvering and moving between these global and local cultural repertoires, privileged Israeli hi‐tech women enact and construct a ‘new femininity’ that simultaneously challenges both the discourse of the ‘ideal hi‐tech worker’ and that of traditional Israeli femininity. This new femininity, I argue, is grounded in a local translation of the ‘family friendly organization’ discourse.     

Perioperative morbidity and mortality in 80 years and older undergoing elective urology surgery – A prospective study

Background and purpose. The number of octogenarians requiring surgery increases constantly. Data regarding perioperative morbidity and mortality in octogenarians is limited. Our aim was to assess surgery-related complications in octogenarians, undergoing urological surgery.

Patients and methods. We prospectively collected data from octogenarians and a control group of younger patients undergoing an elective urological surgery in our institution. Recorded data included: age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, co-morbidities, number of medications, operation extent, anaesthesia type, surgery duration and perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Results. Forty-seven octogenarians and 80 patients with a median age of 59 years (range 19–75) enrolled prospectively. Gender ratio, surgeries extent and median operative time were similar among groups. General anaesthesia was more prevalent in the control group. ASA classification and duration of hospitalization were significantly higher in octogenarians. The rate of intra-operative complications was significantly higher in the octogenarians group 6.38% versus 3.75% (p = 0.007), there was no significant difference in immediate post-operative and post-discharge complications among groups. One octogenarian patient died 2 days post-surgery, no death occurred in the control group.

Conclusions. Octogenarians have higher rate of intra-operative morbidity, leading to longer hospital stay. More experienced surgeons and anaesthetists should be involved in the operation; and careful surgical technique, tapered anaesthesia and higher level of post-operative monitoring should be applied for patients in this age.     

Rebirth of the Self: How Battered Women Experience Treatment

The study analyzes battered women's experiences of treatment processes and results. A qualitative methodology based on the phenomenological approach, including semi-structured deep interviews, was used in collecting and analyzing the data of 60 women who had undergone treatment in six different agencies. All the agencies were highly qualified in providing psychosocial intervention in cases involving domestic violence and were operated by the Israel Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. The findings reveal that the most significant experience for the women was being held and contained by the social worker, an action that allowed their recognition of self. Concerning outcomes, objective results such as taking action toward changing the violent relationship or leaving it were much less significant in the women's experience. Various aspects of the experience are described and analyzed, emphasizing the treatment process as a rebirth of the women. Implications for treatment based on this significant perspective are given.     

Parents' Perceptions of Their Children in a Context of Shared Political Uncertainty: The Case of Jewish Settlers in the West Bank Before and After the Oslo Peace Agreement

This study describes the effect of a politically uncertain situation on the parents' experience and on the way they appraise their children's experience. The study focuses on Israeli families living in Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) during two periods: the Intifada (the indigenous Arab population's civil uprising) and the years following the Oslo peace agreements. The results of this study indicate the importance of the specific political situation and the particular context that is created for those who experience it. The supportive context of the Israeli population created by the right-wing government affected the parents' ability to withhold their feelings during the Intifada, while the lack of support of the left-wing government increased the expression of emergency feelings by parents. The children, according to the parents' appraisal, expressed more emergency feelings than their parents did during the Intifada. The number of feelings and their intensity diminished after the Oslo Agreements. The discussion focuses on the effect of family role and its interaction with the political uncertainty on the psychological well-being of parents and children.     

Nonverbal expressiveness and physical attractiveness as mediators of interpersonal perceptions

This research examines the impact of spontaneous nonverbal expressiveness and physical attractiveness on the formation of initial interpersonal impressions. It was hypothesized that in the absence of a relationship history with a person, those people who provide more spontaneous, uncensored, nonverbal information would be viewed as more interpersonally attractive. In addition, as a secondary focus of the study, data were analyzed to examine the relationship between physical attractiveness and nonverbal communication abilities. Results suggest that both physical attractiveness and nonverbal expressiveness independent of one another and in conjunction with one another positively impact on interpersonal perceptions. In addition, physical attractiveness was found to positively covary with nonverbal encoding accuracy but negatively covary with nonverbal decoding abilities.The authors wish to express their appreciation to Ross Buck and Robert Ryder for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper.     

Buying and selling price for risky lotteries and expected utility theory with gambling wealth

I analyze two expected utility models which abandon the consequentialist assumption of terminal wealth positions. In the expected utility of gambling wealth model, in which initial wealth is allowed to be small, I show that a large WTA/WTP gap is possible and the (Rabin in Econometrica, 68(5), 1281–1292, 2000) paradox may be resolved. Within the same model the classical preference reversal which allows arbitrage is not possible, whereas preference reversal (involving buying prices in place of selling prices), which does not allow arbitrage, is possible. In the expected utility of wealth changes model, in which there is no initial wealth, I show that both a WTA/WTP gap as well as the classical preference reversal are possible due to loss aversion, both in its general as well as some specific forms.