Comparison of retrospective surveys with a longitudinal follow-up in Senegal: SFS,DHS and Niakhar

This study compares the data obtained from two retrospective surveys: the Senegal Fertility Survey (SFS) and the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) with the data obtained from a longitudinal follow-up study held among the Sereer, living in a rural area of Senegal (Niakhar). The study shows that the fertility level is slightly higher in the retrospective surveys than in the longitudinal follow-up, the difference being mainly due to an overestimation of the fertility rate of the age group 15–19 years. The mortality levels and trends among under five children are correctly estimated by the DHS, but are underestimated by the SFS. The age pattern of mortality is slightly biased in the DHS and SFS, owing to errors on age at the time of death in these retrospective surveys. The comparison of the nutritional status was difficult to make because of the small sample size used in the DHS.     

Logrolling and a McGarvey theorem for separable tournaments

In this note we prove a McGarvey theorem for the family of Separable Tournaments. This family arises in the analysis of Logrolling and Vote Trading in Committees.     

PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND VOLUNTEERING AFTER A NATURAL DISASTER: THE CASE OF HURRICANE KATRINA

This study examines prosocial behavior and volunteerism in the context of Hurricane Katrina. Using interviews from East Baton Rouge Parish residents, results demonstrate that self-efficacy, education, religious attendance, and organizational membership exert significant, positive effects on feeling personally responsible for helping victims. Education, presence of children in the home, organizational membership, and the interaction between religious attendance and personal responsibility exert significant, positive effects on total hours spent volunteering at shelters for victims. These findings suggest that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between the characteristics of the typical volunteer and those who volunteer in a natural disaster.     

Contextualizing Arab female entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT

Cultural and structural challenges within the Arab context are found to constrain women’s opportunities towards entrepreneurial development and activity. In addressing the call for feminist theorizing in entrepreneurship research, we bring together gender, identity and networking into the subjective experiences of Emirati female entrepreneurs. Through antenarrative perspectives, we demonstrate that developing cooperation with men is a viable and complementary means to addressing contextual challenges and achieving empowerment. Our contribution illustrates that Emirati female entrepreneurs’ multi-layered identity work manifests in a relational manner via efforts to strategically construct opportunity by means of engaging in discursive relationships with men.     

The domination number of Cartesian product of two directed paths

Let γ(P _m □P _n ) be the domination number of the Cartesian product of directed paths P _m and P _n for m,n≥2. Liu et al. in (J. Comb. Optim. 22(4):651–662, 2011) determined the value of γ(P _m □P _n ) for arbitrary n and m≤6. In this work we give the exact value of γ(P _m □P _n ) for any m,n and exhibit dominating sets of minimum cardinality.     

Trends,Age Patterns and Differentials in Childhood Mortality in Haiti (1960–1987)

This paper examines the trends, patterns and differentials in childhood mortality in Haiti between 1960 and 1987 with data from three surveys and one census. Data comparability is maximized by a series of adjustments, and both direct and indirect techniques are applied. The results indicate that a slow decline in childhood mortality has occurred since 1960 for the country as a whole. Neonatal survival has shown impressive gains, especially in rural Haiti. Post-neonatal mortality has not, however, declined at the same rate. Mortality between the ages of one and five years has declined at about the same pace as infant mortality, maintaining consistency with model patterns of mortality change. The overall national decline in child mortality appears to have consisted of two phases. The first occurred in rural Haiti during the late 1960s and early 1970s and was due largely to a fall in neonatal mortality. The second phase of the decline was concentrated in Port-au-Prince, and seems to have affected all ages of childhood.     

罗莎·卢森堡关于"社会主义还是野蛮状态"的概念

20世纪90年代以来,罗莎·卢森堡政治学说中所包含的后现代社会的内容得到了世界学者的广泛重视和深入研究。在这里,我们根据2006年3月20—22日武汉大学哲学学院和马克思主义哲学研究所联合举办的“罗莎·卢森堡思想及其当代价值国际学术研讨会”就此问题的讨论特发表以下三篇论文。这三篇论文的特点是结合现时代世界历史提出的重大问题,从哲学的层面反思了罗莎·卢森堡政治学中的基本问题,反映了当代罗莎·卢森堡政治哲学研究的水平和视野。这些论文无论对于深化罗莎·卢森堡政治学的研究,还是对于中国开展马克思主义的政治哲学研究来说,都具有重要的启迪意义。本专栏发表的三篇论文由武汉大学哲学学院何萍教授组织,中南财经政法大学人文学院王雨辰教授也给予了大力协助,在此一并表示衷心的感谢。     

The labour movement and mutual benefit societies: Towards an international approach

The comparative history of the mutualist and workers'movements shows up several notable points of convergence, from their beginnings up until the Second World War. They were branches of a common tree: tradesmen's and workers'guilds were more often than not at the origin of union and pre-union organizations and mutual aid societies. The two movements also developed in parallel over the course of the two industrial revolutions of 1780-1840 and 1880-1890. Despite this, their paths began increasingly to diverge. Setting out from the same essentially craft-based social milieu as the unions, the mutualist movement gradually took root among the lower-middle and middle classes, the civil service and the military. The mutualist ideology of a common good shared among the social classes was the antithesis of the prevailing ethos in the union movement, of which class struggle was the defining attribute. Finally, the aims of the two movements also diverged: on one hand the trade unionists, engaging in mass and sometimes violent action in support of immediate demands; on the other, the mutualists, working away at their necessarily long-term administrative tasks. From the last quarter of the nineteenth century on, therefore, the mutualist and workers'movements entered into a process of increasing diversification.     

Deterministic Approximation of Stochastic Evolution in Games

This paper provides deterministic approximation results for stochastic processes that arise when finite populations recurrently play finite games. The processes are Markov chains, and the approximation is defined in continuous time as a system of ordinary differential equations of the type studied in evolutionary game theory. We establish precise connections between the long‐run behavior of the discrete stochastic process, for large populations, and its deterministic flow approximation. In particular, we provide probabilistic bounds on exit times from and visitation rates to neighborhoods of attractors to the deterministic flow. We sharpen these results in the special case of ergodic processes.