Air canada vs. canadi>n: competition and merger in the framing of airline culture ∗

This paper is concerned with airlines, metaphors and organizational cultures. Specifically the paper seeks to answer the question, ‘why, when so many political and economic commentators are agreed that Canada has only room for one viable airline, has it proven impossible to merge the country's two main commercial airlines?’ To answer the question we draw upon Jenkin's (1994) critical historiographic approach, focusing on the development of the organizational cultures and associated discourses of each airline over time. In the process the paper traces the metaphorical use of the concept of competition in the development of the commercial airline business in Canada. We conclude that the culture of an organization may not, of itself, be enough to explain certain organizational outcomes (e.g., a failure to form a merger or alliance) - particularly organizations that are, in large part, dependent on broad policy concerns, but that broader social discourses (e.g., government policy), mediated by specific organizational cultures, may be the major influence.     

Content Analysis of CDQ From 1994–2003: Implications and Trends for Practitioners and Researchers From a Decade of Research

A review of the content of The Career Development Quarterly (CDQ) was conducted for the period between 1994 and 2003. In total, 297 articles were published in CDQ during this period. The content analysis was based on content, authorship, and institutional affiliation. The principal areas of research were career development: life‐span perspectives and women's workforce participation. Of the articles published during this period, 33% fell into 1 of these 2 categories. Compared with the previous analysis (W. Buboltz & M. Savickas, 1994), a change was noted in the amount of research in women's workforce participation, which rose from 1.4% to 12.8%, whereas research on career development interventions fell by approximately 50%. The authors discuss implications and areas for future research.     

Modifications of the Bonferroni-Holm procedure for a multi-way ANOVA

We present step-wise test procedures based on the Bonferroni-Holm principle for multi-way ANOVA-type models. It is shown for two plausible modifications that the multiple level α is preserved. These theoretical results are supplemented by a simulation study, in a two-way ANOVA setting, to compare the multiple procedures with respect to their simultaneous power and the relative frequency of correctly rejected false hypotheses. Financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is gratefully acknowledged.     

On Property and Exploitation

The authors contend that what can legitimately be owned in a free society is only rights to physical property, not to the value thereof. You are thus free to undermine the value of our property by underselling us, by inventing a new substitute for our property, etc. But you cannot legitimately physically agress against our property, even if its value remains constant despite your efforts. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Containment of Polioviruses After Eradication and OPV Cessation: Characterizing Risks to Improve Management

The goal of the World Health Organization is to stop routine use of oral poliovirus vaccine shortly after interruption of wild poliovirus transmission. A key component of this goal is to minimize the risk of reintroduction by destruction of polioviruses except in an absolute minimum number of facilities that serve essential functions and implement effective containment. Effective containment begins with a complete facility risk assessment. This article focuses on characterizing the risks of exposure to polioviruses from the essential vaccine production, quality control, and international reference and research facilities that remain. We consider the potential exposure pathways that might lead to a poliovirus reintroduction, including para-occupational exposures and releases to the environment, and review the literature to provide available estimates and a qualitative assessment of containment risks. Minimizing the risk of poliovirus transmission from a poliovirus facility to increasingly susceptible communities is a crucial and ongoing effort requiring understanding and actively managing the potential exposure pathways.     

Studying the Gendering of Organizational Culture Over Time: Concerns,Issues and Strategies

Beginning with the premise that ‘organizational culture’ is a useful heuristic for the study of gender at work, this article focuses on the problem of studying the culture of organizations over time, setting out to demonstrate how the social construction of corporate history has, until now, lent itself to gendered notions of business practices. Arguing that history itself is but one of a series of discourses about the world, the article outlines a feminist strategy for the study of organizational culture over time that includes: (i) feminist historiography as history written from a feminist point of view; (ii) a commitment to the notion of history as discourse rooted in the present; (iii) a view of women’s rights development as a paradoxical process of progress and regress; (iv) a gender focus approach that studies the impact of discrimination on the social construction of masculinity/femininity and sexual preference; and (v) an approach that is sensitive to the contextualization of gender. British Airways is used as a case study to illustrate some of the problems of historic re/construction and feminist historiography.     

Multi-profile welfarism: A generalization

This paper characterizes welfarist social evaluation in a multi-profile setting where, in addition to multiple utility profiles, there may be more than one profile of non-welfare information. We prove a new version of the welfarism theorem in this alternative framework, and we demonstrate that adding a plausible and weak anonymity property to the welfarism axioms generates welfarist social-evaluation orderings that are anonymous.This is a revised version of our earlier paper “Welfarism with multiple non-welfare profiles.” We thank François Maniquet, Kotaro Suzumura, John Weymark, an editor and two referees for comments and discussions. The paper was presented at the International Symposium on Intergenerational Equity in Tokyo, December 2001 and at the Meeting of the Society for Social Choice and Welfare in Pasadena, July 2002. Financial support through a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged.     

Stability and Change: The Structuration of Partnership Histories in Canada, the Netherlands, and the Russian Federation

This paper explores stability and change in women's partnership histories since the late 1940s in Canada, the Netherlands, and the Russian Federation. Giddens' (1984) theory of structuration is used to understand how the social structure enables or constrains behaviour. Entire partnership histories are examined by applying a Markov and semi-Markov multistate approach to investigate the type, timing, duration, and complexity of partnerships. Results show earlier union formation for younger cohorts in the Russian Federation compared to postponement trends in the other countries. Cohabitation appears to increasingly serve as an alternative to marriage, particularly in Canada. When facilitated by the social structure, divorce levels are high (Russian Federation, Canada). Widowhood in the Russian Federation persists even among younger women. Re-partnering is the highest in the Russian Federation, with post-marital cohabitation gaining ground in Canada. Partnership histories are increasingly complex in the Netherlands and particularly Canada but remain stable in the Russian Federation.     

Dealing with selective dropout in clinical trials

Clinical trials in severely diseased populations often suffer from a high dropout rate that is related to the investigated target morbidity. These dropouts can bias estimates and treatment comparisons, particularly in the event of an imbalance. Methods to describe such selective dropout are presented that use the time in study distribution to generate so‐called population evolution charts. These charts show the development of a distribution of a covariate or the target morbidity measure as it changes as a result of the dropout process during the follow‐up time. The selectiveness of the dropout process with respect to a variable can be inferred from the change in its distribution. Different types of selective dropout are described with real data from several studies in metastatic bone disease, where marked effects can be seen. A general strategy to cope with selective dropout seems to be the inclusion of dropout events into the endpoint. Within a time‐to‐event analysis framework this simple approach can lead to valid conclusions and still retains conservative elements. Morbidity measures that are based on (recurrent) event counts react differently in the presence of selective dropout. They differ mainly in the way dropout is included. One simple measure achieves good performance under selective dropout by introducing a non‐specific penalty for premature study termination. The use of a prespecified scoring system to assign a weight for each works well. This simple and transparent approach performs well even in the presence of unbalanced selective dropout. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.