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21.
AbstractOccupancy models are used in statistical ecology to estimate species dispersion. The two components of an occupancy model are the detection and occupancy probabilities, with the main interest being in the occupancy probabilities. We show that for the homogeneous occupancy model there is an orthogonal transformation of the parameters that gives a natural two-stage inference procedure based on a conditional likelihood. We then extend this to a partial likelihood that gives explicit estimators of the model parameters. By allowing the separate modeling of the detection and occupancy probabilities, the extension of the two-stage approach to more general models has the potential to simplify the computational routines used there. 相似文献
22.
The study explored whether perceived shared experience with a media portrayal could influence various cognitions—such as concern, sense of personal involvement, and desire to learn more—that are important for behavior change. This research used the situational theory of publics in order to evaluate whether perceived shared risk is an antecedent to the factors leading to communication behavior. In general, the findings from this experiment supported the idea that shared risk experience with portrayals in news coverage has the potential to influence problem recognition, involvement recognition, and a new variable that combines information seeking and processing: that of information gaining. 相似文献
23.
Alex C. Michalos Heather Creech Natalie Swayze P. Maurine Kahlke Carolee Buckler Karen Rempel 《Social indicators research》2012,106(2):213-238
In this paper we present standardized measures of tenth grade students’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours concerning sustainable
development as those concepts are understood in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and
we test the hypothesis that knowledge and favourable attitudes toward SD lead to favourable behaviours. Using a fairly representative
random sample of 1,551 tenth grade students from the province of Manitoba, Canada, we crafted 3 indexes. There is a 20-item
Index of Knowledge of SD with a good Cronbach alpha = 0.89, a 15-item Index of Attitudes Favourable Toward SD with alpha = 0.84
and a 15-item Index of Behaviours Favourable Toward SD with an alpha = 0.83. About 21% of the variation in our Behaviours
Index scores could be accounted for by our Knowledge Index and Attitudes Index scores. 相似文献
24.
Previous research has analyzed how organizations publicly respond in crisis situations. This study addresses a sports crisis, the University of Miami NCAA investigation, as an avenue for exploring how fans become surrogates for organizational crisis responses via the social media entity, Twitter. Using Coombs's (2007) strategy for reputation repair, analysis of 75 highly identified Miami fans with over 42,000 Twitter followers shows that fans were most likely to engage in (a) ingratiation, (b) reminder, (c) attack the accuser, and (d) divert attention as primary methods of coping with the scandal. New methods for reputation repair were also found within the analysis and implications for organizations, academic institutions, sports research, and crisis communication theory are articulated. 相似文献
25.
Katharine A. Buck Natalie Kretsch K. Paige Harden 《Journal of research on adolescence》2013,23(4):605-613
Susceptibility to peer influence may be related to activation in reward‐related brain regions. The current study extends research on the role of reward sensitivity in peer influence by examining whether preferential attention to positive emotional stimuli predicts behavior in peer interactions, and whether this association is moderated by attachment style in a sample of 36 same‐sex peer dyads. Positive attentional bias was associated with lower autonomy and greater avoidance with peers. This association was attenuated among individuals with secure attachment style. Attention to negative stimuli was associated with less avoidant and more hostile behavior during peer interactions. Results suggest that preferential attention to positive emotional stimuli is associated with greater susceptibility to peer influence, particularly in individuals low in secure attachment. 相似文献
26.
Deborah Loxton Natalie Townsend Xenia Dolja-Gore Peta Forder Jan Coles 《Journal of child sexual abuse》2013,22(5):511-525
ABSTRACTThe current study aims to present the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and examine the healthcare costs associated with primary, allied, and specialist healthcare services. The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health is a general health survey of four nationally representative age cohorts. The current study uses 20 years of survey and administrative data (1996–2015) from the cohort born 1973–1978. Overall, 41% of women indicated at least one category of childhood adversity. The most commonly reported type of childhood adversity was having a household member with a mental illness (16%), with the most commonly reported ACES category being psychological abuse (17%). Women who had experienced adversity in childhood had higher healthcare costs than women who had not experienced adversity. The healthcare costs associated with experiences of adversity in childhood fully justify a comprehensive policy and practice review. 相似文献
27.
28.
One in three Australian marriages end in divorce, and over half of such divorces involve children. Research indicates that men tend to repartner within 1 to 2 years of a divorce and women within 3 to 5 years. A significant issue for repartnered men is the provision of financial support for children from both their first and second families. Although only 6% of all Australian first family children spend near/equal time (shared care) after divorce with both parents, fathers in Australia are mandated under child support legislation to provide financial support for their first family children, whether they reside with them or not. However, it is argued by this study's nonresidential fathers that the Child Support Agency, when considering the level of financial support for first family children, tends to overlook the needs of second family children, thus creating an advantaged and disadvantaged set of siblings. This finding is reviewed through a distributive justice theory lens. Finally, some future directions for research aimed at exploring the impact of Child Support Legislation on second families are suggested. 相似文献
29.
Natalie Waldbrook 《Journal of women & aging》2013,25(4):337-357
The perspectives of formerly homeless, older women are absent in the academic literature on aging and homelessness. In this study, a group of formerly homeless women, aged 45 years and older were surveyed (N = 15) and interviewed (n = 11) about their experiences with health, housing, and aging. The qualitative themes to be explored include the women's perceptions of their current health, coping with low incomes, dealing with addictions to alcohol and drugs, and the importance of supportive housing and other community services. The female participants' views on adapting to home, planning for their elderly years, and views on growing older are also explored. 相似文献
30.
Miller NV Currie SR 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):257-274
Using population data (N = 11,562) drawn from five Canadian gambling prevalence surveys conducted between 2000 and 2005, the current study investigated
the relationship between irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices upon (a) gambling intensity, as measured
by percent of income spent on gambling and (b) tolerance, a diagnostic indicator of pathological gambling. First, we found
irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices to be positively related. Second, irrational gambling cognitions
moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices and gambling intensity. Specifically, people engaging in risky
practices, spent less of their income on gambling when they had fewer irrational gambling cognitions compared to those with
more irrational cognitions. Third, irrational gambling cognitions moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices
and tolerance. Of the people engaging in risky practices, those with no irrational cognitions reported lower levels of tolerance
than those with at least one irrational cognition. Interactions with gender are reported and discussed. These findings demonstrate
the importance of both gambling cognitions and gambling practices upon the intensity of gambling and pathological gambling.
相似文献
Shawn R. CurrieEmail: |