Calculating China’s Historical Economic Aggregate: A GDP-centered Overview*

Since the 1990s, thanks to the concerted efforts of domestic and international scholars, the research on China’s historical GDP that began in the 1930s has received widespread attention, and is becoming a widely discussed issue at the forefront of research on world economic history. At the same time, several scholars at home and abroad have also voiced a call for more theoretical and empirical reflection within this line of research. Diversification of methods, systematic reconstruction of historical data, and international comparisons represent three emerging trends in future research on this subject. By encouraging and leading these trends, Chinese scholars can assume a greater role in international research on economic history.     

浅析《黑暗的心》中女性形象塑造对批判殖民主义的功用

<黑暗的心>是一部含义深刻、超越时代的小说,其丰富的内涵可以从多个角度进行解读.文章通过分析小说中女性形象对真实的逃避和对虚无的趋从,探讨了非洲在欧洲文明教化面纱掩盖下的真相及其殖民主义的命运.     

文化科技与河南文化事业的发展

随着人们生活水平的不断提高和文化需求的日益增长,文化科技对整个文化事业的发展发挥着越来越重要的促进作用。河南文化事业进一步的发展,要靠文化科技工作的切实加强。第一,要提高对文化科技重要性的认识。第二,要在艺术、文物、图书馆、社会文化等方面全面提升科技含量。第三,大力加强文化科技管理工作,促进河南文化科技走上良性循环的轨道。     

规制俘获理论述评

规制俘获理论彻底批判了早先的公共利益理论,重新阐释了政府实行规制的目的,明确了政治供给和政治需求的相互联系;并且分析了在规制俘获过程中,利益集团的行为和政府规制者的反应;此外,规制俘获理论也计量和测度了出现规制俘获而造成的社会福利损失;更有意义的是,学者们正在从契约和组织构建等角度,尝试设计一系列阻止规制俘获发生的组织机制.     

建制民族志——一种新的方法视角

由Dorothy Smith创建的建制民族志(Institutional Ethnography)最初是为建构女性主义知识而提出的,它坚持社会本体论、知识论和方法论的实践取向.建制民族志作为一种新的方法视角,有三个与其他民族志不同的显著特点:一是在日常生活经验中探索问题,不预先设定研究结果;二是不把田野中的任何经验现象看作是静态的、在地的,而是探讨建构经验的社会关系,揭示在地实践与越地支配之间的隐形建构关系,为理解田野经验提供更为深广的社会背景,从而为在地人的境遇改善提供知识支持;三是在一般民族志的基础上吸收了质性研究的新成果,如重视组织分析、文本分析及权力与话语分析等.     

英汉感知虚构运动事件的路径语义对比分析——基于小型自建语料库

基于Talmy的运动事件理论框架,以“V across”结构为例分别自建英汉语料库来分析英汉语在路径表达上的差异,解读感知路径背后的认知机制。结果发现：第一,英汉语感知运动主要以视觉运动为主,听觉运动居于次位,其他感官的运动较少,且听觉运动与视觉运动相融合,形成通感隐喻;第二,英语视觉与听觉感知运动路径的编码均以矢量义为主,而汉语在编码视觉运动路径时主要以构形义为主,但汉语在编码听觉运动时,其矢量义使用比例则高于构形义。因此汉语在表征视觉路径时更凸显焦点与背景的相对位置;第三,感知虚构运动是由于体验者发挥主观想象力进行动态模拟和识解的结果。     

Applications of Bayesian statistical methodology to clinical trial design: A case study of a phase 2 trial with an interim futility assessment in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Development of new pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis that address unmet medical needs in a competitive market place is challenging. Bayesian approaches to trial design offer advantages in defining treatment benefits by addressing clinically relevant magnitude of effects relative to comparators and in optimizing efficiency in analysis. Such advantages are illustrated by a motivating case study, a proof of concept, and dose finding study in patients with osteoarthritis. Patients with osteoarthritis were randomized to receive placebo, celecoxib, or 1 of 4 doses of galcanezumab. Primary outcome measure was change from baseline WOMAC pain after 8 weeks of treatment. Literature review of clinical trials with targeted comparator therapies quantified treatment effects versus placebo. Two success criteria were defined: one to address superiority to placebo with adequate precision and another to ensure a clinically relevant treatment effect. Trial simulations used a Bayesian dose response and longitudinal model. An interim analysis for futility was incorporated. Simulations indicated the study had ≥85% power to detect a 14‐mm improvement and ≤1% risk for a placebo‐like drug to pass. The addition of the second success criterion substantially reduced the risk of an inadequate, weakly efficacious drug proceeding to future development. The study was terminated at the interim analysis due to inadequate analgesic efficacy. A Bayesian approach using probabilistic statements enables clear understanding of success criteria, leading to informed decisions for study conduct. Incorporating an interim analysis can effectively reduce sample size, save resources, and minimize exposure of patients to an inadequate treatment.     

《论语》辜译本的副文本研究

正文本和副文本共同建构译本的意义内涵。在翻译研究中,译本副文本是呈现译本、译者和当时社会语境的重要载体。《论语》英译本的副文本信息尚未得到充分而有效地利用,即使涉及译者评论、序言等,也没有明确提及副文本概念。挖掘《论语》英译本副文本的历史价值、文本价值和史料学价值,形成系统的副文本理论,有助于《论语》英译研究的深化。辜鸿铭《论语》译本的副文本既能完成对读者的作品导读,又能折射当时历史语境下翻译目的功利性、翻译规范、以及译者的翻译方法、翻译心路历程等。因此,考察副文本可使副文本与译本、译者、文化语境、翻译规范等之间的张力得以显现。这种张力有助于获知译本生成的历史细节与译本接受的传播语境,也是论述译本的元话语的方法论,为深化译者、译本研究带来契机。     

社区自治:从放权到增能——基于深圳市的制度实践研究

在社区自治理论探讨中,一直存在对"国家"与"社会"、行政化与自治化、管理与治理、权力本位和权利本位等概念的争论。然而,在地方政府的操作过程中,无论是对社区放权还是让利,都在政府主导下开展,这造成两种截然不同的问题——行政化困境和边缘化困境。在行政主导型社会仍会较长时间存在的背景下,"放权—增能—再放权"是社区自治得以顺利实现的较好途径。     

Entropy-based model-free feature screening for ultrahigh-dimensional multiclass classification

Most feature screening methods for ultrahigh-dimensional classification explicitly or implicitly assume the covariates are continuous. However, in the practice, it is quite common that both categorical and continuous covariates appear in the data, and applicable feature screening method is very limited. To handle this non-trivial situation, we propose an entropy-based feature screening method, which is model free and provides a unified screening procedure for both categorical and continuous covariates. We establish the sure screening and ranking consistency properties of the proposed procedure. We investigate the finite sample performance of the proposed procedure by simulation studies and illustrate the method by a real data analysis.