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111.
112.
The publication of Child Protection: Messages from Research (Department of Health, 1995) and of the ‘Supporting Families’ Green Paper (Home Office, 1998) have both highlighted the importance of developing family support services, in keeping with the word and the spirit of the Children Act, 1989. This article presents some of the findings of a three year study of a voluntary organisation, Home‐Start, which offers support to mothers with children under five through volunteer home visiting. The article makes connections between the activities of Home‐Start and the wider debate about family support in the United Kingdom. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
113.
Joseph G. Ibrahim Stuart R. Lipsitz & Nick Horton 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2001,50(3):361-373
We propose a method for estimating parameters in generalized linear models when the outcome variable is missing for some subjects and the missing data mechanism is non-ignorable. We assume throughout that the covariates are fully observed. One possible method for estimating the parameters is maximum likelihood with a non-ignorable missing data model. However, caution must be used when fitting non-ignorable missing data models because certain parameters may be inestimable for some models. Instead of fitting a non-ignorable model, we propose the use of auxiliary information in a likelihood approach to reduce the bias, without having to specify a non-ignorable model. The method is applied to a mental health study. 相似文献
114.
Five-Hundred Life-Saving Interventions and Their Cost-Effectiveness 总被引:42,自引:0,他引:42
Tammy O. Tengs Miriam E. Adams Joseph S. Pliskin Dana Gelb Safran Joanna E. Siegel Milton C. Weinstein John D. Graham 《Risk analysis》1995,15(3):369-390
We gathered information on the cost-effectiveness of life-saving interventions in the United States from publicly available economic analyses. "Life-saving interventions" were defined as any behavioral and/or technological strategy that reduces the probability of premature death among a specified target population. We defined cost-effectiveness as the net resource costs of an intervention per year of life saved. To improve the comparability of cost-effectiveness ratios arrived at with diverse methods, we established fixed definitional goals and revised published estimates, when necessary and feasible, to meet these goals. The 587 interventions identified ranged from those that save more resources than they cost, to those costing more than 10 billion dollars per year of life saved. Overall, the median intervention costs $42,000 per life-year saved. The median medical intervention costs $19,000/life-year; injury reduction $48,000/life-year; and toxin control $2,800,000/life-year. Cost/life-year ratios and bibliographic references for more than 500 life-saving interventions are provided. 相似文献
115.
Nick Feltovich 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2000,68(3):605-641
This paper examines the abilities of learning models to describe subject behavior in experiments. A new experiment involving multistage asymmetric‐information games is conducted, and the experimental data are compared with the predictions of Nash equilibrium and two types of learning model: a reinforcement‐based model similar to that used by Roth and Erev (1995), and belief‐based models similar to the ‘cautious fictitious play’ of Fudenberg and Levine (1995, 1998) These models make predictions that are qualitatively similar cycling around the Nash equilibrium that is much more apparent than movement toward it. While subject behavior is not adequately described by Nash equilibrium, it is consistent with the qualitative predictions of the learning models. We examine several criteria for quantitatively comparing the predictions of alternative models. According to almost all of these criteria, both types of learning model outperform Nash equilibrium. According to some criteria, the reinforcement‐based model performs better than any version of the belief‐based model; according to others, there exist versions of the belief‐based model that outperform the reinforcement‐based model. The abilities of these models are further tested with respect to the results of other published experiments. The relative performance of the two learning models depends on the experiment, and varies according to which criterion of success is used. Again, both models perform better than equilibrium in most cases. 相似文献
116.
117.
This article explores the definition of Critical Autism Studies and its inclusion in autistic scholarship. There has been critique of recent non-autistic literature for lacking autistic authorship, leading to doubts about its epistemological integrity due to misrepresentations of autistic culture and the neurodiversity movement. This article utilises the work of Arnold, Milton and O’Dell et al. to introduce an emancipatory definition to ensure the discipline is autistic led. In the process, we discuss the nature of autism studies and what constitutes critical literature. We propose Waltz’s interpretation of Critical Autism Studies as a working definition. 相似文献
118.
Anja Buerke Tammo Straatmann Nick Lin-Hi Karsten Müller 《Review of Managerial Science》2017,11(4):959-991
Consumers are put in the driver seat on the road to a sustainable development. Following a consumer-centric approach, this paper explores the dimensionality and the antecedents of responsible consumption from a psychological perspective. Concerning the dimensionality, the study proposes that responsible consumption should comprise a societal as well as an individual dimension. The data (N = 339) supported this two-dimensional approach, differentiating between societal responsibilities of consumers (doing good) and consumers’ responsibilities for their personal well-being (doing well). Moreover, the results indicate that both consumer awareness and sustainability-focused value orientation have a direct positive influence on responsible consumer behavior. In addition, the hypothesized mediating role of consumer awareness is confirmed, with mediations for societal or personal responsible consumer behavior by the respective consumer awareness dimension. Consequently, it is crucial for organizations to flank their sustainable offers with appropriate communication activities in order to motivate consumers to engage in more responsible consumption. 相似文献
119.
Sarah Munro Patricia Janssen Kitty Corbett Elizabeth Wilcox Nick Bansback Jude Kornelsen 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(2):129-136
Problem
Clinical practice guidelines indicate that over 80% of women with a previous caesarean should be offered a planned vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC), however only one third of eligible women choose to plan a VBAC. To support informed choices for birth after caesarean, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence women’s decision-making.Aim
The goal of this study was to explore attitudes towards and experiences with decision-making for mode of delivery after caesarean from the perspectives of Canadian women.Methods
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 women eligible for VBAC in three rural and two urban communities in British Columbia, Canada, during summer 2015. Constructivist grounded theory informed iterative data collection and analysis.Findings
Women’s decision-making experiences were a process of “seeking control in the midst of uncertainty.” Women formed early preferences for mode of delivery after their primary caesareans and engaged in careful deliberation during their inter-pregnancy interval, consisting of: reflecting on their birth, clarifying their values, becoming informed, considering the feasibility of options, deliberating with the care team, and making an actual choice. Women struggled to make trade-offs between having a healthy baby and social attributes of delivery, such as uninterrupted bonding with their newborn.Conclusions
Women begin decision-making for birth after caesarean earlier than previously reported and their choices are influenced by personal experience and psychosocial concerns. Future interventions to support choice of mode of delivery should begin early after the primary caesarean, to reflect when women begin to form preferences. 相似文献120.
Social Indicators Research - Administrative data are widely used to construct indicators of social disadvantage, such as Free School Meals eligibility and Indices of Multiple Deprivation, for... 相似文献