人类学·田野工作·教育研究--一个教育人类学家的关怀、经验和信念

在这篇访谈录中,滕星教授以自己多年来在国内外开展教育人类学田野工作的亲身经验,特别针对他在云南省澜沧县拉祜族社区女童教育问题开展的田野工作,做了深度的教育人类学报道与阐释,提出了教育人类学田野工作的标准,对进一步推动我国教育人类学研究的学术化和理论化颇有裨益.     

抗日战争时期国共两区的通邮——以华北之晋绥边区为例

1937年,卢沟桥事变爆发后,随着抗日战争局势的变化,为了适应抗日战争形势的需要,使各战区邮政能够互相畅通,在中华邮政协助抗日的前提下,为了更有效地保证国统区与根据地之间的信息畅通,更好地合作抗日,中国共产党首先提出国共两区正式通邮的号召.晋绥边区为切实贯彻通邮号召精神,采取了一系列有力措施,保障了国共两化信息畅通,为更好地合作抗日做出了贡献.     

三阶卡尔曼滤波数字锁频环设计及性能分析

提出了一种基于三维卡尔曼滤波的三阶数字锁频环设计方法,并将该锁频环用于高动态GPS信号的载波跟踪。推导了卡尔曼滤波与数字锁频环之间的等效关系,给出了基于该方法设计的锁频环的等效噪声带宽闭式解,分析了环路的暂态性能和稳态性能。以暂态带宽和均方根频率跟踪误差为性能指标,对基于该方法设计的锁频环和固定增益的数字锁频环进行了仿真对比。结果表明,在具有相同稳态带宽的情况下,两种环路具有可比拟的动态和静态跟踪误差,但基于该方法设计的环路具有较高的初始捕获带宽,环路收敛时间大大降低。     

延安精神与党的先进性教育

延安精神是中国共产党人在长期艰难困苦的斗争环境中,把马克思主义与中国实践相结合,将理想、作风、纪律等方面的优良传统凝聚一起而形成的一种精神财富。延安精神的形成过程就是中国共产党在民族解放战争时期先锋模范作用凝炼、升华的过程,继承和弘扬延安精神是中国共产党长期保持先进性的精神源泉之一。在全面建设小康社会这一新的历史任务形势下,回顾和重温延安精神,对于深刻领会保持党的先进性的重要性,无疑会提供一些历史启迪。     

许昌地区清真寺及其分布规律

许昌是河南回族人口较为集中之地,然对许昌回族来源、尤其是全市清真寺的统计和整理工作一直鲜有人涉及。本文从实地调查入手,参考了正史、地方史志及碑刻资料对回族和清真寺的记载,对民国以前的清真寺进行了统计整理。在传统史志的基础上,用文史资料以及清真寺存留的各时期碑刻材料相互印证,勾勒出元明以来许昌回族聚居及迁移的特点,指出蒙金三峰山之战是禹州回族肇始,明初洪武移民奠定了回族今日之分布格局。清真寺的修建和回族人口的分布关系密切,从清真寺始建年代和分布地点也侧面印证了许昌回族变迁的规律特点。     

中国大学校训伦理思想探析

大学校训随近现代意义上大学的创建而产生,集中体现了大学作为一个社会组织特有的文化个性、精神理念和伦理内涵。在市场经济和全球化的背景下,我们应该使大学校训在继承中国传统伦理思想的同时,为中国传统伦理思想赋予新的内涵,不断对中国传统文化进行“扬弃”与“超越”,促使其更好地发挥作用。     

朝核问题与六方会谈——以朝美关系为主导的多方博弈

朝核问题六方会谈已连续召开五轮。较之于前三轮的缓步不前,第四轮会谈达成了框架性、原则性的协议,并通过了首份“共同声明”。但在随后召开的第五轮会谈中,当事国依然难以跨越承诺与行动的矛盾。朝核问题是以朝美为主要当事国,是双方在恢复邦交正常化过程中的一次大博弈。同时也表现为参与六方会谈的各国根据本国利益进行的一场多方博弈。     

Before the Party Starts: Risk Factors and Reasons for “Pregaming” in College Students

Abstract

Objective: “Pregaming”—drinking alcohol prior to going out—is believed to be common, yet empirical examinations are scarce. In this study, we examined who is at risk for pregaming, consequences resulting from it, and motives behind it. Participants: Participants (N = 159, 52% female) were drinkers, aged 18 to 24, recruited from introductory psychology classes. Methods: In 2005 and 2006, interview measures of drinking and pregaming and self-report demographic, motivational, and reasons for pregaming measures were administered. Results: Two-thirds of students pregamed. Younger age, but not Greek affiliation, was associated with heavier pregaming drinking. We found minimal support for the prediction of pregaming by general drinking motives. Specific reasons for pregaming were identified, including saving money and obtaining alcohol when under 21. Conclusions: Findings highlight the risk associated with pregaming, due to selection effects and to event characteristics. The unique reasons for pregaming must be further understood and addressed in targeted interventions.     

Elder Abuse Telephone Screen Reliability and Validity

Purposes: (a) To identify reliable and valid questions that identify elder abuse, (b) to assess the reliability and validity of extant self-reported elder abuse screens in a high-risk elderly population, and (c) to describe difficulties of completing and interpreting screens in a high-need elderly population. Design and Methods: All elders referred to research-trained social workers in a community service agency were asked to participate. Of the 70 elders asked, 49 participated, 44 completed the first questionnaire, and 32 completed the duplicate second questionnaire. A research assistant administered the telephone questionnaires. Results: Twenty-nine (42%) persons were judged abused, 12 (17%) had abuse reported, and 4 (6%) had abuse substantiated. The elder abuse screen instruments were not found to be predictive of assessed abuse or as predictors of reported abuse; the measures tended toward being inversely predictive. Two questions regarding harm and taking of belongings were significantly different for the assessed abused group. Implications: In this small group of high-need community-dwelling elders, the screens were not effective in discriminating between abused and nonabused groups. Better instruments are needed to assess for elder abuse.     

Collegiate-Based Emergency Medical Service: Impact on Alcohol-Related Emergency Department Transports at a Small Liberal Arts College

Abstract

Objective: The authors examined the impact of a collegiate-based emergency medical service (CBEMS) on the frequency of emergency department (ED) transports. Participants: Students transported to the ED for acute alcohol intoxication during the Fall 2008 and the Fall 2009 semesters (N = 50). Methods: The frequency of students receiving transportation to a hospital ED and the reported blood alcohol content (BAC) levels during the initial operational semester of the CBEMS were compared to those values over the same time period the previous year. Results: More than twice the number of students was transported to the ED following the introduction of CBEMS. There was no change in mean BAC levels. Conclusions: CBEMS could promote a culture conducive to increased reporting behavior, which makes the campus safer. Similar BAC levels suggest that the degree of intoxication was similar for the 2 reporting periods, but students sought emergency assistance more frequently following the inception of CBEMS.