Analysis of binary data in the randomized complete block design

The technique proposed by Shah and Claypool (1984) is extended here for the randomized complete block design with one binary observation per cell. In addition, it provides an al- ternative derivation of the distribution of Cochran's Q sta- tistic which is straightforward.     

Simulation‐based sample‐sizing and power calculations in logistic regression with partial prior information

There have been many approximations developed for sample sizing of a logistic regression model with a single normally‐distributed stimulus. Despite this, it has been recognised that there is no consensus as to the best method. In pharmaceutical drug development, simulation provides a powerful tool to characterise the operating characteristics of complex adaptive designs and is an ideal method for determining the sample size for such a problem. In this paper, we address some issues associated with applying simulation to determine the sample size for a given power in the context of logistic regression. These include efficient methods for evaluating the convolution of a logistic function and a normal density and an efficient heuristic approach to searching for the appropriate sample size. We illustrate our approach with three case studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

戴·赫·劳伦斯短篇小说中的“支离人”研究

劳伦斯在短篇小说中创作了"支离人"这种特有的艺术形象。本文在探讨支离人的内涵、成因和艺术效果的基础上指出,现代性特征之一的断裂导致了西方人支离破碎的生存状态。劳伦斯塑造支离人目的并非单纯地描绘人们存在与虚无的对立,而是为存在找到基点和支撑。     

On the unbiased estimation of fixed effects in a mixed model for growth curves

A mixed model for growth curves is introduced. A method of estimating the variance components is indicated. It is shown that the generalised least squares estimates of the fixed effects using estimates of variance components are unbiased and an expression is obtained for the increase in variance due to the substitution of the variances by their estimates. These results are directly applied to designs with two-way elimination of heterogeneity.     

吴方言对英语语音的负迁移及教学应对策略

语间迁移是外语学习中不可避免的。本文从吴方言语言特点入手,在例证、比较、分析的基础上,阐述了吴方 言对英语语音的负迁移问题,并提出了教学应对策略。     

Impacts of Demographics on Citizen's Access to Information: An Empirical Study of District Dera Ismail Khan, North Western Frontier Province, Pakistan

The impact of demographic dimensions on local government behavior is well identified, analyzed and documented at the global level. Likewise, several studies are available on developing countries, but empirical evidence on the conditions of Pakistan is lacking. This study is an effort to unearth empirical evidence on access to information in the local government system exemplifying data from the district Dera Ismail Khan (DIK), North Western Frontier Province (NWFP). Most global hypotheses for developing countries are accepted in this study but the statistics on local data are far more different in terms of the value and weight of variables, relationships and impacts on the research concepts. The most dominant concept in the impact of access to information on the local government system is "education for all." Mass education is a leading concept in making or breaking the role of people participation in the success or failure of local democracies. Data show that illiteracy is causing many problems, including the mass population's unawareness of their interests and duties at the public level, thereby giving the ruling elite a free hand in exploiting public resources for self-interest, at the cost of the public good.     

Adapting Fertility Exposure Analysis to the Study of Fertility Change

Fertility exposure analysis was developed recently by Hobcraft and Little in order to evaluate the relative importance of the various proximate determinants upon levels of current fertility. In the present paper we extend the analysis to the study of changes in fertility between two cross-sectional surveys. We show how to express fertility change as a product of terms which represent changes in the proximate determinants. The model of change is adapted to a log-linear framework, in which the proximate determinants on the one hand, and socio-economic variables such as education, on the other, are considered together. A few simplifications of the method are also suggested so that fewer demands are made on data. The model and its possible interpretations are illustrated with pairs of surveys from Pakistan and Mexico. In each pair, one survey was part of the WFS programme and the other was very similar but conducted five years later.     

Missing plot technique in linear models

This paper extends the missing plot substitution technique to the case where the missing observations-cause some previously estimable functions to become non-estimable. It is shown that with appropriate modifications, the usual methods of analysis remain valid. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions under which the sum of squares due to a hypothesis can be calculated without “re-estimating” the missing observations     

Athletes’ Perceptions of National Collegiate Athletic Association–Mandated Sickle Cell Trait Screening: Insight for Academic Institutions and College Health Professionals

Abstract

Objective: The study objective was to explore athletes’ perspectives of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)–mandated sickle cell trait (SCT)–screening policy by examining race- and gender-related differences in athletes’ perceptions regarding risk of having SCT and concern about loss of playing time. Participants: Participants were 259 athletes at a southeastern United States campus during April–August of 2010. Methods: Athletes completed a 21-question survey. Results: The majority of athletes (81.7%) perceived that they would have a high level of concern if found to carry the SCT. African Americans were 9.07 times more likely than Caucasians to perceive risk of having the SCT. The majority of athletes disagreed (38.4%) or did not know (50.8%) if they would lose playing time related to carrying the SCT. Conclusion: Campus health professionals must be aware of athletes’ perspectives on NCAA's SCT screening so that athletes are not unnecessarily subjected to stress or harm.