Sexual Harassment in Public Places: Experiences of Canadian Women*

Des chercheurs ont étudié les cas de harcèlement sexuel en milieu de travail et dans les universités. En collaboration avec des experts judiciaires, ils ont conceptualisé le harcelement sexuel et en ont fait une question de droits de la personne. Notre recherche, fondée sur un sondage effectue en 1992 auprès de 1 990 femmes canadiennes, réVéle que le harcèlement sexuel se produit aussi dans les lieux publics. Nous présentons des données inédites sur le sujet en exa-minant le type, la fréquence et la gravité du harcèlement, les carac-téristiques des femmes le plus susceptibles d'être harcetées, les implications pouvant servir à bâtir une théone sur le harcèlement dans les lieux publics, les réactions des femmes a l'égard du harcèlement ainsi que ses conséquences sur les plans émotionnel et psychologique. Researchers have expended much effort studying sexual harassment in the workplace and universities. Together with legal experts, they have conceptualized sexual harassment as a human-rights issue: a form of sexual discrimination that typically occurs in relationships of unequal power. Our research, based on a 1992 survey o{ 1,990 Canadian women, suggests sexual harassment is also prevalent in public places such as streets, transit systems and malls. We supply rare data about sexual harassment in public places by examining the types, frequency, and severity of harassment; the characteristics of women most likely to be harassed; the theoretical implications of public harassment; women's responses to harassment; and its emotional and psychological effects.     

THE STRUCTURE OF A STUDENT PROJECT COURSE

This paper describes the objectives, operating structure, and evaluation of a course entitled Operations Analysis and Management (OAM) 8–159, Quantitative Approaches to Administrative Problems. The purpose is to present the reader with an in-depth view of a project course in order to help an instructor decide whether or not a project course is desirable and feasible within his academic unit. Further, the paper presents some suggestions concerning what attributes are associated with a successful project course experience.     

The C1 topology on the space of smooth preference profiles

This paper defines a fine C ¹-topology for smooth preferences on a “policy space”, W, and shows that the set of convex preference profiles contains open sets in this topology.  It follows that if the dimension(W)≤v(?)−2 (where v(?) is the Nakamura number of the voting rule, ?), then the core of ? cannot be generically empty. For higher dimensions, an “extension” of the voting core, called the heart of ?, is proposed. The heart is a generalization of the “uncovered set”. It is shown to be non-empty and closed in general. On the C ¹-space of convex preference profiles, the heart is Paretian. Moreover, the heart correspondence is lower hemi-continuous and admits a continuous selection. Thus the heart converges to the core when the latter exists. Using this, an aggregator, compatible with ?, can be defined and shown to be continuous on the C ¹-space of smooth convex preference profiles. Received: 3 April 1995/Accepted: 8 April 1998     

Competition for popular support: a valence model of elections in Turkey

Models of elections tend to predict that parties will maximize votes by converging to an electoral center. There is no empirical support for this prediction. In order to account for the phenomenon of political divergence, this paper offers a stochastic electoral model where party leaders or candidates are differentiated by differing valences??the electoral perception of the quality of the party leader. If valence is simply intrinsic, then it can be shown that there is a ??convergence coefficient??, defined in terms of the empirical parameters, that must be bounded above by the dimension of the space, in order for the electoral mean to be a Nash equilibrium. This model is applied to elections in Turkey in 1999 and 2002. The idea of valence is then extended to include the possibility that activist groups contribute resources to their favored parties in response to policy concessions from the parties. The equilibrium result is that parties, in order to maximize vote share, must balance a centripetal electoral force against a centrifugal activist effect. We estimate pure spatial models and models with sociodemographic valences, and use simulations to compare the equilibrium predictions with the estimated party positions.     

Bite Mark Evidence in Crimes Against Persons

Abstract

Bite marks are often found on victims of homicide, sex crimes, and child abuse. Since this type of physical evidence often links victims and assailants, it is essential that bite mark evidence be recognized and properly preserved. The superior courts of several states and United States military courts have accepted this evidence as admissible.

This article is intended to familiarize college and university health workers and security personnel with the appearance of bite marks as they may be found on victims. Further, it describes techniques of photography and related procedures, necessary for the preservation of this essential evidence. Photographs of actual bite marks and diagrams illustrating correct techniques for photography are included. This article is intended to alert college health and security personnel that early recognition and preservation of bite mark evidence is essential to investigative procedures.     

Sure Start: the development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom

This article describes the development of the Sure Start programme in the United Kingdom, which marks an important new departure in the provision of services for the ‘early years'. Announced in July 1998 as part of the Labour Government's Comprehensive Spending Review, it is important not only in terms of its substance—£540 m to be spent in the United Kingdom over the Spending Review years 1999/2000 to 2001/2, 250 local programmes by the end of the Parliament covering up to 150 000 children—but in terms of the way the policy was developed and the way it is to be implemented. In many ways it is a prime example of ‘joined‐up government' and evidence‐based policy making. The first 60 ‘trailblazer' areas were announced in January 1999 and the programme will be rolled out from the early summer. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.