Rural population and social security in Brazil: An analysis with emphasis on constitutional changes

This paper analyses the situation of the Brazilian rural population with respect to social insurance and social assistance at two points in time: 1988 and 1998. The 1988 Constitution defined new rules with regard to eligibility conditions and benefit values for the rural population. But it was only in July 1991, with Law 8213, that these changes were implemented. We compare — by gender and individual age — activity rates and probability of receiving benefits, before and after the changes in legislation. We also compare, at these two points in time, family structure and the importance of the income of older people in the family budget. The analysis makes clear the positive impact brought by the legislation on the coverage and per capita family income of those families with older members in rural Brazil, bringing about some degree of poverty alleviation, as well as bridging the gender gap with respect to access to benefits. In contrast to what occurs in other Latin American countries, nowadays the Brazilian rural population has almost universal access to social security benefits, not only at family level but also in individual terms.     

Vois‐Tu Le Kem? Do You See the Bos? Foreign Word Learning at 14 Months

How easily can infants regularly exposed to only one language begin to acquire a second one? In three experiments, we tested 14‐month‐old English and French monolingual infants’ ability to learn words presented in foreign language sentence frames. Infants were trained on two novel word‐object pairings and then tested using a preferential looking task. Word forms were phonetically and phonotactically legal in both languages, and cross‐spliced across conditions, so only the sentence frames established the word as native or foreign. In Experiment 1, infants were taught one native and one foreign word and successfully learned both. In Experiment 2 and 3, infants were taught two foreign words, but only showed successful learning of the first word they encountered. These results demonstrate that infants can successfully learn words embedded in foreign language sentences, but this is more challenging than native word learning. More broadly, they show that the sentential context of a novel word, and not just the word form itself, influences infants’ early word learning.     

改革与完善我国的失业保险制度

我国目前处于经济转轨时期 ,国企改革正朝纵深方向发展 ,公开失业与隐性失业的失业率居高不下。而我国现行失业保险制度存在不少问题 ,不能有效满足市场经济条件下职工的失业保险需要。只有改革与完善我国的失业保险制度 ,才能有效解决失业职工基本生活保障问题 ,促进社会稳定与有序发展     

从理论层面分析倾销与反倾销

文章从国际经济深层理论方面探讨倾销和反倾销的基本动因、主要表现方式 ,阐明倾销和反倾销是当今世界最主要、也是牵涉经济利益最多的国际经济事务之一 ,反倾销理应成为中国今后一段时间内的一项基本国策。一般情况下 ,倾销的条件是 Ed DOMPF OR,反倾销措施却不只限于征收反倾销税 ,它还包括出口数量限制和价格承诺等措施。     

《语法讲义》中的歧义句

歧义现象一直是语法研究的重要课题之一,朱德熙先生的<语法讲义>是一部重要的语法著作,有许多歧义句散见于书中各章节,此文即以<语法讲义>中所提到的45个歧义句为研究对象,从语音、词汇、语法结构、语义四个方面对它们进行分类总结,指出其产生的原因及分化的办法,并对书中的几个特殊的歧义句进行了分析.     

New evidence on the fertility transition in Ireland 1880–1911

Recent analyses of Ireland's marital fertility transition based on the Princeton Ig and the Stanford CPA measures are reassessed. Revised county estimates of Ig are subjected to regression analysis, and added insight into CPA is offered by comparing Ireland with Scotland and applying the measure to three specially constructed local data sets.     

In Search of Asian war brides

Because of the long presence of U.S. soldiers in Asia, war-bride marriages involving servicemen and Asian women have been formed throughout the century. The literature, however, contains little empirically sound information on Asian war brides. This analysis develops a methodology to identify war brides and applies it to estimate the number of war brides from the six major Asian groups, using the national 1980 Public Use Microdata Sample. Further analysis comparing Asian war brides with other groups of Asian wives tends to support the traditional and lower socioeconomic images commonly associated with Asian war brides.     

A note on the correlation structure of transformed Gaussian random fields

Transformed Gaussian random fields can be used to model continuous time series and spatial data when the Gaussian assumption is not appropriate. The main features of these random fields are specified in a transformed scale, while for modelling and parameter interpretation it is useful to establish connections between these features and those of the random field in the original scale. This paper provides evidence that for many ‘normalizing’ transformations the correlation function of a transformed Gaussian random field is not very dependent on the transformation that is used. Hence many commonly used transformations of correlated data have little effect on the original correlation structure. The property is shown to hold for some kinds of transformed Gaussian random fields, and a statistical explanation based on the concept of parameter orthogonality is provided. The property is also illustrated using two spatial datasets and several ‘normalizing’ transformations. Some consequences of this property for modelling and inference are also discussed.     

数字化工具在工业设计中的重要作用

分析了数字化工具对工业设计程序、思维方式、交流方式及工业设计师在现代工程中的角色等的影响 ,对数字化时代的工业设计模式进行了较为深入的探索