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51.
Radiah?OthmanEmail author Norli?Ali 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2014,25(1):201-224
The premise of this paper is that effective supervision and proper internal control system (ICS) can promote accountability and transparency, and this will attract more donors. However, in a developing country like Malaysia, it is common that proper accounting standards are not available, the laws are not enforced, and charities often struggle for survival. Debates on regulating nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have been sensitive to many and are often left unresolved, and some quarters believe that NPOs should be left to handle their own affairs. This paper provides evidence from a survey of 60 charities on the status of their ICS. It briefly describes the current state of regulations in Malaysia and makes a case for better monitoring of the sector, as this might be the reason NPOs are lacking in their ICS. We propose what type of regulation and assistance can be provided by the authorities to this sector, not only in Malaysia but also in other developing countries facing similar challenges. 相似文献
52.
Gustavo?Berganti?osEmail author Jordi?Massó Alejandro?Neme 《Social Choice and Welfare》2012,38(3):371-406
The division problem consists of allocating a given amount of a homogeneous and perfectly divisible good among a group of
agents with single-peaked preferences on the set of their potential shares. A rule proposes a vector of shares for each division
problem. The literature has implicitly assumed that agents will find acceptable any share they are assigned to. In this article
we consider the division problem when agents’ participation is voluntary. Each agent has an idiosyncratic interval of acceptable
shares where his preferences are single-peaked. A rule has to propose to each agent either to not participate or an acceptable
share because otherwise he would opt out and this would require to reassign some of the remaining agents’ shares. We study
a subclass of efficient and consistent rules and characterize extensions of the uniform rule that deal explicitly with agents’
voluntary participation. 相似文献
53.
Strategy-proof and anonymous rule in queueing problems: a relationship between equity and efficiency
We consider a relationship between equity and efficiency in queueing problems. We show that under strategy-proofness, anonymity
in welfare implies queue-efficiency. Furthermore, by combining the result of Kayı and Ramaekers (Games Econ Behav 68:220–232,
2010) with ours, we also give a characterization of the class of rules that satisfy strategy-proofness, anonymity in welfare,
and budget-balance. 相似文献
54.
55.
We investigate the implications of balanced consistency and balanced cost reduction in the context of sequencing problems. Balanced consistency requires that the effect on the payoff from the departure of one agent to another agent should be equal between any two agents.
On the other hand, balanced cost reduction requires that if one agent leaves a problem, then the total payoffs of the remaining agents should be affected by the amount
previously assigned to the leaving agent. We show that the minimal transfer rule is the only rule satisfying efficiency and Pareto indifference together with either one of our two main axioms, balanced consistency and balanced cost reduction. 相似文献
56.
Çi?dem Berber ÇelikHatice Odac? 《Children and youth services review》2012,34(1):200-204
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of experience of childhood abuse among university students on self-perception and submissive behavior.Methods
The study group consisted of 646 students attending various departments of the Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Education in Trabzon, Turkey. Participants were administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Social Comparison Scale and the Submissive Acts Scale in a classroom setting.Results
Analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between self-perception and all forms of abuse (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse and neglect), and a positive correlation between submissive behavior and all forms of abuse. The students' emotional abuse and neglect scores varied significantly according to gender, with males having higher emotional abuse and neglect scores than those of girls. Additionally, males had higher physical abuse scores than girls.Conclusion
Childhood abuse emerged as a significant predictor of negative self-perception and submissive behavior. In addition, with the exception of sexual abuse, other forms of abuse vary according to gender. The experiences of childhood abuse may have a long-term impact on various features of character and behavior. 相似文献57.
Luiz Claudio Marques Campos Patricia Maria Mendon?a Mario Aquino Alves 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2012,23(1):236-256
This article reflects on the importance of the relations between state and society in policy-making in the area of public
health. Several studies in various sectors such as health, education, and social services have made similar observations on
organizational dynamics and the institutionalization of different models of partnerships or contracts, often based on the
analytical model of three sectors. Individuals and their networks of relationships, however, remain an almost unexplored dimension
in these types of research. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to analyze the movement of HIV/AIDS activists to governmental
organizations working in this same field. The analysis raises questions concerning the forms of individual and institutional
learning that help to maintain the distinct character of innovation of the Brazilian policy. Professionals who cross the borders
hold a different profile once they have accumulated experience working with grassroots and local NGOs, and have also had the
chance to be trained and enhance their technical and managerial capacities, since the government has supported NGOs for a
long period. When combined, these experiences allow them to maintain relationships with social movements and give them the
ability to navigate through the government bureaucracy and handle technical information about fighting AIDS epidemics, making
it possible for them to negotiate strategic collaborations reflecting the interests of different groups. Hence, they constantly
reflect on the differences between government and social spaces, and keep questioning and modifying their roles in the light
of potential and existing complementarities. 相似文献
58.
59.
Justin Gross Fran?ois Elvinger Laura L. Hungerford Stanley D. Gehrt 《Urban Ecosystems》2012,15(3):667-682
The raccoon is often considered a synanthropic species; however, most urban research on this species has been restricted to urban parks or green spaces. Little is known about the persistence of synanthropic characteristics in the raccoon within the urban matrix. We examined density, den selection, home range size, habitat selection, and survival for adult raccoons (Procyon lotor) during summer (June?CAugust) and autumn (September?CNovember) in two residential neighborhoods, Linthicum located inland, and Riviera Beach on a peninsula in the Potomac river, in Southern Maryland. Den site selection varied by gender (P?=?0.0002) and study site (P?=?0.052), and study site interacted with gender (P?=?0.0063), with female raccoons denning preferentially on the ground and male raccoons in human structures in Riviera Beach while in Linthicum females denned preferentially in trees and males avoided human structures. Seasonal home range size was larger for males (P?<?0.0001) than females at both sites. Habitat selection varied at different hierarchical levels, and between gender, season and site. Intersite differences in habitat selection were apparent at the second order and third order scale. Aquatic and urban habitat was ranked high and woodland consistently lowest in second order scale at Riviera Beach while urban habitat was consistently ranked lowest at Linthicum where woodland ranked highest. Between the hierarchal scales (2nd and 3rd order) a difference in habitat selection occurred at Linthicum only where urban habitats ranked lowest at 3rd order. The differences in patterns of habitat selection we observed between two urban sites at different hierarchical scales suggest that resource selection is dependent upon the specific characteristics of the site and that raccoons exhibit variable responses to changes in landscape features. Finally, male survival tended to be lower (P?=?0.079) than female survival in both study sites. Our results reveal that raccoons can continue to exhibit synanthropic characteristics within the urban matrix even in areas with little natural habitat. This ability to adjust to different levels of development allows the raccoon to occur throughout most parts of the urban landscape, which has important management implications for human-raccoon conflicts and disease management. 相似文献
60.
Olivier Bargain Herwig Immervoll Heikki Viitam?ki 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2012,10(3):375-395
The main objectives of social assistance benefits, including poverty alleviation and labor-market or social reintegration, can be seriously compromised if support is difficult to access. While recent studies point to high non-take-up rates, existing evidence does not make full use of the information recorded by benefit agencies. Most studies have to rely on interview-based data, with misreporting and measurement errors affecting the variables needed to establish both benefit receipt and benefit entitlement. In this paper, we exploit a unique combination of Finnish administrative data and eligibility simulations based on the tax-benefit calculator of the Finnish authorities, carefully investigating the measurement issues that remain. We find rates of non-take-up that are both substantial and robust: 40 to 50% of those eligible do not claim. Using repeated cross-section estimations for years 1996?C2003, we identify a set of stable determinants of claiming behavior and suggest that changes in behavior could drive the observed downward trend in take-up rates during the post-recession period. We discuss the poverty implications of our results. 相似文献