The Globalization of Penal Space in Nineteenth-Century Malta

In the second half of the nineteenth century an unprecedented number of prisons were built across the Western-influenced world. However, many more developed from repurposed and modified buildings. By applying space syntax analysis to examples from the then British colony of Malta, this article investigates the commonalities of penal space across a series of purpose-built and refashioned prisons, taking into consideration key architectural phases resulting from remodelling. Rejecting the notion that Maltese developments are merely symptomatic of British colonialism, the spread of Western prisons is cast in terms of wider trends and the global spread of a particular type of penal space.     

A Call for Tutorials on Alternative Approaches to the Study of Verbal Behavior

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior -     

Organizational Change and the Importance of Embedded Assumptions*

‘Managing change’ appears a simple enough term. However, no common ontological assumption underlies either the notion of ‘managing’ or that of ‘change’. In this paper, we identify different assumptions about both what it means to manage and the nature of change outcomes. From these assumptions we derive six different images of managing organizational change: directing, navigating, caretaking, coaching, interpreting and nurturing. We show how each image is underpinned by different organization theories. We then take each image and show how the differing ontological assumptions about managing and change outcomes are associated with different research agendas. We illustrate this by focusing on three elements commonly associated with managing organizational change: vision, communication and resistance.     

Rape in nonhuman animal species: Definitions,evidence, and implications

This paper examines the controversial issue of rape in nonhuman animal species. Many existing studies on nonhuman rape appear to suffer from inappropriate definitions and questionable interpretations. Many existing critiques of these studies are limited by their own misunderstandings of evolutionary theory. An attempt is made to reduce the resulting controversy by defining rape in a way that can be applied to nonhuman animals, without provoking unwarranted implications about human rape. Applying this definition to existing studies indicates that behavior meeting the definition of rape does exist in several nonhuman species. However, comparisons of these species do not provide clear implications for either proximate or ultimate explanations of human rape.     

Finding Jack Michael’s Footprints in the Sand

Jack Michael left a legacy of fine discriminations among technical terms, a careful parsing of theoretical concepts, and a variety of behavioral interpretations of complex behavioral phenomena. When pushing into relatively unfamiliar territory in areas such as “memory,” automatic reinforcement, multiple control, and additivity of response strength, I have been surprised and delighted to find evidence that Jack had once explored the same topics, in the same way, and had come to the same conclusions toward which I was groping.