The return of the native: racialised space,colonial debris and the human zoo

This article takes Zurich’s Masoala Halle as an example to show how the spatial redistribution of whiteness, as Sara Ahmed calls it, is tied to a specific use of science and the scientific through two interconnected arguments. First, the difference between the scientific human and the ‘native informant’ is taken up. As Gayatri Spivak’s account of the native informant indicates, the displaying of whiteness relies on the racialised Other who stands in for the premodern ways of life as well as the basic and primitive aspects of human existence. Second, the current return of representations of the native Other to zoo exhibitions, as exemplified by the Zurich Zoo, needs to be seen within the trajectory of the human zoos of the late nineteenth century that were crucial for the popular establishment of a racialised gaze, which drew heavily on the emerging scientific approach to the world and vice versa.     

The Stability of Child Physical Placements Following Divorce: Descriptive Evidence From Wisconsin

This study uses administrative data from the Wisconsin Court Record Database, linked with survey data collected from mothers (n= 789) and fathers (n= 690), to describe the living arrangements of children with sole mother and shared child physical placement following parental divorce. Contrary to prior research, results provide little evidence that children with shared placement progressively spend less time in their father’s care. We find that, over (approximately) 3 years following a divorce, their living arrangements are as stable as those of children with sole mother placement or more so. To the extent that shared physical placement is associated with increased father involvement and positive developmental outcomes, recent increases in shared physical custody following divorce may benefit children.     

A Dynamic‐Maturational Model of Attachment

This article provides an overview of an attachment‐based approach to formulation of behavioural and psychiatric disorder. The dynamic‐maturational model (DMM) of attachment places many such problems within a context of family‐attachment relationships. In the DMM, neurological maturation interacting with experience is central to the self‐protective strategies that individuals develop to regulate familial attachments. When the relationships fail to protect child (or parent), more extreme strategies are organised to wrest some measure of safety and comfort from an otherwise threatening environment. A wide range of such strategies is described. It is argued that recognising attachment strategies in patients is crucial to providing helpful treatment (and to reducing the risk of inappropriate treatment).     

Squaring Farm Security and Food Security in Two Types of Alternative Food Institutions*

Abstract Even though both farmers' markets and community supported agriculture were first developed to provide markets for farmers, recently the goals of food security have been attached to these market‐based alternative food institutions, based on their potential to be 'win‐win” economic solutions for both small‐scale farmers and low‐income consumers. This article reports on survey and interview research conducted in California during 2004–2005 designed to examine to what extent CSAs and farmers' markets are addressing food security in both concept and practice. Findings show that managers of these institutions generally support the idea of improving the affordability of the food they provide, and most have made an effort to do so, although these efforts vary with institutional capacity. Still, some hedged their interest in supporting food security goals with countervailing concerns such as the need to support farmers first. It is ironic, then, that the way that private CSAs and farmers' markets achieve some elements of food security is by virtue of the support of public food assistance programs.     

Quality in services for disabled children and their families: what can theory,policy and research on children's and parents' views tell us?

Many discourses surround the concept of ‘service quality’, however, it continues to remain partial and ambiguous. This paper seeks to unpack ‘quality’ in services for disabled children and their families. Theoretical models are initially reviewed and then considered in relation to key policy guidelines, empirical data drawing upon parents' and children's experiences of ‘quality’ in services are presented. This paper demonstrates the many different levels within the concept of ‘quality’ and highlights the importance of recognising and respecting that children and parents frequently value different aspects of ‘quality’. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Choosing a Valid Assessment of Attachment for Clinical Use: A Comparative Study

This article addresses the clinical issue of selecting assessments of attachment that are relevant to decision making for families. The validity of three commonly used methods of assessing attachment in preschool‐aged children was compared using a sample of 51 low‐income mother—child dyads. Thirty‐eight of the children had been abused or neglected. The dyads were seen in a Strange Situation that was classified using each of the three methods: (a) the Ainsworth‐extended method, (b) the Cassidy‐Marvin (C‐M) method, and (c) the Preschool Assessment of Attachment (PAA). Validity was evaluated in terms of maltreatment status, maternal sensitivity, child DQ, and maternal attachment strategy. The PAA and C‐M classifications matched in only 37% of cases. The Ainsworth‐extended method differentiated secure versus insecure children on two variables. The CM method differentiated secure versus insecure children on one variable. The PAA differentiated secure versus insecure children on all four variables and subgroups on one. Moreover, it was tied to other family relationship variables in meaningful ways. If applied in clinical settings, these three methods would result in very different groups of children being seen as safe and at risk. We argue that clinicians cannot afford to be uninformed about the validity of alternative means of assessing attachment.     

SOCIAL REPRODUCTION AND THE CORPORATE OTHER:

This article identifies and describes a phenomenon that has arisen over the course of the last generation: an institutionalized "afterschool" period marked by children's involvement in adult-organized and -supervised activities. We trace the historical development of this period and examine its socializing influences on children. Children experience passage through an "extracurricular career" that begins with a recreational ambiance but progresses into competitive and finally elite activities as they grow older and become more skilled. Along this route, their leisure activities become less spontaneous and more rationalized, focused, and professionalized. Adults' incursion into children's play thus represents a means for them to reproduce the existing social structure and to socialize young people to the corporate work values of American culture.     

Proceedings of the Sixty-Second Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research

The American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR)held its sixty-second annual conference during May 17–20,2007 at the Hyatt Regency Orange County Hotel in Anaheim, California. Attracting 825 attendees, the conference comprised 84 sessionsand three poster sessions dealing with methodological and substantiveissues in public opinion and survey research. Sessions addressedareas of research related to the interests of AAPOR members– methodology, nonresponse, sampling, voting and elections,to