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121.
We consider the association of cohabitation experience with externalizing behavior among children of Latina mothers whose ethnic origin is in Mexico, Puerto Rico, or the Dominican Republic. Data were drawn from three waves of the Three-City Study (N=656 mother-child pairs). Children of Mexican-origin mothers had higher externalizing problems in childhood and adolescence when their mothers were born in the United States or immigrated as minors. For children of Caribbean-origin mothers, being born to a cohabiting or married mother had a statistically equivalent association with externalizing behavior when mothers were born outside the mainland United States (Dominican and island-born Puerto Rican mothers). Children of mainland-born Puerto Rican mothers had more behavior problems when their mothers cohabited at birth. 相似文献
122.
Jun Sung Hong Hyunkag Cho Paula Allen-Meares Dorothy L. Espelage 《Children and youth services review》2011,33(6):861-868
The Columbine High School shooting in 1999 prompted school officials and policy-makers to create and implement programs and policies that would prevent violence in school and ensure school safety. Ten years have passed since the Columbine shooting; however, debates concerning risk factors for the shootings continue to ensue. The focus of this article is to examine the Columbine school shootings within the context of Bronfenbrenner's (1994) ecological systems analysis. We examine the most commonly identified risk factors, which operate within five systems levels: chrono-, macro-, exo-, meso-, and microsystems, and draw implications for school-based practice and policy. 相似文献
123.
Early adulthood represents a period of transition that is marked by change and exploration. For some, this transition is uncomplicated,
yet for others, it is problematic. While many studies have explored factors that predict adjustment in childhood and adolescence,
substantially less is known about childhood factors that predict adjustment during the transition into adulthood. Furthermore,
it remains unclear whether childhood factors that predict adult adjustment differ between African American and Caucasian males.
Accordingly, the current study examined childhood predictors of early adult (age 19–20) adjustment in a community sample of
397 African American and Caucasian males. Findings indicated that African American and Caucasian males who experienced high
levels of peer delinquency, depressive symptoms, and conflicted parent–child communication in childhood were more likely to
experience adjustment issues in early adulthood. For African American males, low academic achievement was important for predicting
adult adjustment, while low organization involvement uniquely predicted adult adjustment for Caucasian males. 相似文献
124.
Paula B. Voos 《Journal of Labor Research》1987,8(1):19-30
This paper explores some implications of the economics of union organizing. Following the literature, it is argued that the
economic costs and benefits of organizing are systematically related to the proportion of the union’s jurisdiction already
organized. Evidence is presented that unions do allocate a smaller proportion of their budgets to organizing when a greater
proportion of their jurisdiction is already organized. Total union organizing expenditures, however, are found to increase
over a broad range as the percentage organized increases. The supply of union-organizing services to unorganized workers apparently
only declines at relatively high levels of union penetration. These critical levels of unionization have been attained only
by a few U.S. labor organizations. 相似文献
125.
Robert K. D. Peterson Steven J. Meyer Amy T. Wolf Jeffrey D. Wolt Paula M. Davis 《Risk analysis》2006,26(3):845-858
Genetically engineered maize (Zea mays) containing insecticidal endotoxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) delta-endotoxin proteins has been adopted widely in the Midwestern United States. The proteins are toxic to several lepidopteran species and because a variety of maize tissues, including pollen, may express the endotoxins, the probability of exposure to nontarget species, including endangered species, needs to be understood. The objective of this study was to assess the potential temporal and spatial exposure of endangered Karner blue butterfly larvae (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) to Bt maize pollen in Wisconsin using probabilistic exposure techniques and geographic information systems analysis. Based on degree-day modeling of butterfly phenology and maize pollen shed, there is some potential for temporal exposure of larvae to maize pollen. However, in the majority of years and locations, maize pollen shed most likely will occur after the majority of larval feeding on wild lupine (Lupinus perennis). The spatial analysis indicates that some Karner blue butterfly populations occur in close proximity to maize fields, but in the vast majority of cases the butterfly's host plant and maize fields are separated by more than 500 m. A small number of potential or existing Karner blue butterfly sites are located near maize fields, including sites in two of the four counties where temporal overlap is most likely. The exposure assessment indicates that these two counties should receive the highest priority to determine if Karner blue butterfly larvae are actually at risk and then, if needed, to reduce or prevent exposure. 相似文献
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127.
Abstract The causal processes accounting for the relationship between farm financial strain and depression are not well understood. Using data from a statewide survey of North Carolina farm operators, we develop a covariance structure model that specifies relationships among farm financial strain, perceived economic hardship in the household, personal control, and depression. Analyses reveal that the relationship between farm financial strain and depression is mediated by perceptions of economic hardship and personal control. Results point to the importance of differential resilience to objective economic problems instead of differential exposure to these problems. 相似文献
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