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301.
Peter P. Mollinga Ruth S. Meinzen‐Dick Douglas J. Merrey 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2007,25(6):699-719
Starting from the assessment that past efforts at reform in agricultural water management in developing countries have achieved very little, this article argues that a fundamental change is required in the approach to policy and institutional transformation if the present deadlock in the internalisation of ecological sustainability, human development/poverty alleviation and democratic governance into the ‘core business’ of water bureaucracies is to be overcome. ‘Social engineering’ approaches need to be replaced by ‘strategic action’ approaches that acknowledge the inherently political character and the plurality of actors, institutions and objectives of water management — a perspective operationalised here around the notions of ‘problemshed’ and ‘issue network’. 相似文献
302.
Semiparametric Bayesian classification with longitudinal markers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rolando De la Cruz-Mesía Fernando A. Quintana Peter Müller 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2007,56(2):119-137
Summary. We analyse data from a study involving 173 pregnant women. The data are observed values of the β human chorionic gonadotropin hormone measured during the first 80 days of gestational age, including from one up to six longitudinal responses for each woman. The main objective in this study is to predict normal versus abnormal pregnancy outcomes from data that are available at the early stages of pregnancy. We achieve the desired classification with a semiparametric hierarchical model. Specifically, we consider a Dirichlet process mixture prior for the distribution of the random effects in each group. The unknown random-effects distributions are allowed to vary across groups but are made dependent by using a design vector to select different features of a single underlying random probability measure. The resulting model is an extension of the dependent Dirichlet process model, with an additional probability model for group classification. The model is shown to perform better than an alternative model which is based on independent Dirichlet processes for the groups. Relevant posterior distributions are summarized by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. 相似文献
303.
Timothy J. Keaveny Edward J. Inderrieden Peter G. Toumanoff 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(2):327-346
We conduct a comprehensive examination of the gender differences in pay focusing on multiple perspectives emanating from economics, social psychology, and gender studies. Data are drawn from surveys of MBA students conducted by the Graduate Management Admissions Council. Although women in both samples earn significantly less on average than men, when the effects of the study's variables are considered via multiple regression analysis, no significant difference in annual salary is observed. Our results show the importance of simultaneously considering the impact of human capital, job and firm characteristics, demographics, and cognitive skills. Structural differences are noted in the models estimated separately for men and women. However, the results from decomposing salary differentials are quite consistent with estimates from the single-equation models. 相似文献
304.
L'anthropologie est sur le point de vivre un renouvellement sans precedent de personnel dans les départements des différentes universités canadiennes. Les articles de ce numéro spécial passent en revue les thèmes majeurs de l'anthropologie au Canada durant la dernière décennie: la recherche sur les Premieres Nations, un sujet qui a jeté les fondements de l'anthropologie canadienne anglophone; les changements dans la recherche ethnographique, illustrés par l'exemple de Terre-Neuve; le travail, la mondialisation et la culture locale; quelques difficultés pratiques de la recherche dans le domaine de la justice sociale; et les questions soulevées par la création d'une perspective environnementale dans l'anthropologie médicale. L'examen de chaque thème démontre que, malgré l“élan implacable” vers l'nterprétation étroite qui afflige certaines des sciences sociales au Canada depuis quelque temps, la génération sortante d'anthropologues a maintenu une approche relativement “holistique” envers leur domaine. Ils ont pu garder cette approche en faisant face aux dilemmes inhèrents à la recherche qualitative locale sur des questions nationales ou mondiales et en redèfinissant la portée de l'interprétation anthropologique. Quoique les thèmes développés relèvent surtout de l'anthropologie anglophone au Canada, notre introduction affirme que l'on peut déceler les mêmes thèmes dans l'anthropologie francophone. Anthropology in Canada is about to undergo an unprecedented turnover in department personnel and by way of review, this special issue presents articles on major themes in anthropology in Canada during the last decade. They include First Nations research, a foundational subject for anglophone anthropology in Canada; the changing face of ethnographic research, with Newfoundland as an example; work, globalization and local culture; some practical difficulties of research in the field of social justice; and issues inherent in creating an environmental perspective within medical anthropology. When each theme is examined it becomes apparent that in spite of a “relentless drive” toward narrowness of interpretation that has afflicted some social sciences in Canada, the departing generation of anthropologists has maintained a relatively open, “holistic” approach to their subject matter. They have done so by confronting dilemmas inherent in undertaking locale-based qualitative research on issues of national or global scale and redefining the scope of anthropological interpretation. While the subject matter developed here is confined to anglophone anthropology in Canada, this introduction argues that its counterpart can be found in francophone anthropology as well. 相似文献
305.
Peter Knapp 《Sociological inquiry》1985,55(1):1-15
Durkheim is commonly viewed as the founder of sociology as an empirical or even a positivist, empiricist discipline. The connection between empirical sociological theory and Marxist, Weberian, symbolic interactionist, phenomenological, hermeneutic, and other tendencies is illuminated by viewing the parallels between Durkheim and Hegel. These parallels should not obscure important contrasts, but they include a large number of the most distinctive doctrines of the two theorists. The comparison illuminates relationships within sociology as well as relationships between sociology and such other disciplines as philosophy, history, literary criticism, jurisprudence, theology, or ethics. The importance within Durkheim's milieu of figures who were deeply influenced by Hegel shows that Hegel's influence on Durkheim should not be obscured by current views of Durkheim as a positivist in the tradition of Comte. 相似文献
306.
307.
Justin R. Garcia Michelle J. Escasa-Dorne Peter B. Gray Amanda N. Gesselman 《心理学和人类性特征杂志》2015,27(4):406-417
Objectives: The current study evaluated women's salivary testosterone and estradiol levels before and after exposure to sexual stimuli in a U.S. sex club. Methods: Behavioral data and salivary samples were collected from 19 women during semistructured interviews. Results: Findings demonstrate substantial individual differences in the magnitude and direction of women's hormonal changes following sexual activity. Conclusions: In an age of individualized medicine, these findings highlight the need to better understand factors shaping variation in physiological responses to sexual activity. Findings contribute to a relatively small and contradictory literature on women's hormonal responses to sexual stimuli. 相似文献
308.
309.
Peter Kivisto 《The Sociological quarterly》2015,56(4):581-590
Multiculturalism is often vilified and misconstrued, and a multicultural backlash is evident. This special section attempts to move beyond the polemics by offering sociological insights into the current impact of multiculturalism and the challenges this mode of incorporation faces in addressing religious and racial diversity. This introduction sketches efforts aimed at offering distinctly sociological analyses of multiculturalism, in contrast to more normative philosophical accounts. It then offers brief overviews of the three substantive articles that follow: Irene Bloemraad on the significance of citizenship for multiculturalism; Rhys Williams on religious diversity; and Douglas Hartmann on the racial divide. 相似文献
310.