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231.
The question of the “insertion” in space of public housing into the surrounding urban environment is not new. It has often
been examined from the perspective of the social environment, but more rarely from that of the physical environment and the
accessibility of public and private services and facilities. To qualify the immediate urban environment around Montréal’s
public housing buildings in its complexity, we are proposing a methodological approach based on the use of several spatial
databases in GIS: (1) the Montréal public housing database, (2) individual census data for the Montréal CMA, (3) a satellite
image, (4) a land use map, and (5) location data on a series of public and private services and facilities. Use of these spatial
data enables us to identify various combinations of advantages and disadvantages within the urban living environment in which
Montréal’s public housing buildings have been located, according to three dimensions: the social environment, the physical
environment, and the accessibility of services and facilities. Our final results show that only a small proportion of public
housing tenants (7%) live in residual spaces, that is, in quite unattractive areas of the city which combine a number of urban
disadvantages: a degraded physical environment, a high level of social deprivation, and few or no services and facilities.
相似文献
Philippe ApparicioEmail: |
232.
This paper investigates whether the party affiliation of governors (Democrat or Republican) has an impact on the allocation of state expenditures. Exploiting gubernatorial election results from 1960 to 2012 and a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), we find that Democratic governors allocate a larger share of their budget to health/hospitals and education sectors. We find no significant impact of the political party of governors on total spending, only on the allocation of funds. The results are robust to a wide range of controls and model specifications. (JEL D72, H75, H72) 相似文献
233.
This paper provides a new examination of the gender pay gap for Germany based on a family of distribution-sensitive indicators. Wage distributions for men and women do not only differ by a fixed constant; differences are more complex. We show that focusing on the bottom of the wage distribution reveals a larger gender gap. Our distribution-sensitive analysis can also be used to study whether the statistical disadvantage of women in average pay might be ‘offset’ by lower inequality. Over a broad range of plausible preferences over inequality, we show however that ‘inequality-adjusted’ estimates of the gap can be up to three times higher than standard inequality-neutral measures in Eastern Germany and up to fifty percent higher in Western Germany. Using preference parameters elicited from a hypothetical risky investment question in our sample, inequality-adjusted gender gap measures turn out to be close to those upper bounds. 相似文献
234.
Olivier Compte Philippe Jehiel 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2002,70(4):1477-1517
The presence of obstinate types in bargaining has been shown to alter dramatically the bargaining equilibrium strategies and outcomes. This paper shows that outside options may cancel out the effect of obstinacy in bargaining. When parties have access to stationary outside options, we show that when opting out is preferable to accepting the inflexible demand of the other party, there is a unique Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium in which each party reveals himself as rational as soon as possible. A similar conclusion holds when outside options may only be available at a later date or when only one party has access to an outside option. 相似文献
235.
The aim of this paper is to discuss the process of regional convergence within the framework of an overlapping generations
model in which the engine of growth is the accumulation of human capital. In particular, we consider different education funding
systems and compare their performance in terms of growth rates and pace of convergence between two heterogeneous regions.
The analysis suggests that the choice of a particular education system incorporates a possible trade-off between long run
growth rate and short run convergence. In such choice, the initial capital stock and the extent of regional human capital
discrepancy appear as central variables.
Received: 27 January 1999/Accepted: 16 April 1999 相似文献
236.
Philippe C. Besse Herve Cardot & David B. Stephenson 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2000,27(4):673-687
Many variations such as the annual cycle in sea surface temperatures can be considered to be smooth functions and are appropriately described using methods from functional data analysis. This study defines a class of functional autoregressive (FAR) models which can be used as robust predictors for making forecasts of entire smooth functions in the future. The methods are illustrated and compared with pointwise predictors such as SARIMA by applying them to forecasting the entire annual cycle of climatological El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) time series one year ahead. Forecasts for the period 1987–1996 suggest that the FAR functional predictors show some promising skill, compared to traditional scalar SARIMA forecasts which perform poorly. 相似文献
237.
Quoc Thong Nguyen Philippe Castagliola Giovanni Celano Salim Lardjane 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2019,89(10):1841-1862
Shewhart's type control charts for monitoring the Multivariate Coefficient of Variation (MCV) have recently been proposed in order to monitor the relative variability compared with the mean. These approaches are known to be rather slow in the detection of small or moderate process shifts. In this paper, in order to improve the detection efficiency, two one-sided Synthetic charts for the MCV are proposed. A Markov chain method is used to evaluate the statistical performance of the proposed charts. Furthermore, computational experiments reveal that the proposed control charts outperform the Shewhart MCV control chart in terms of the average run length to detect an out-of-control state. Finally, the implementation of the proposed chart is illustrated with an example using steel sleeves data. 相似文献
238.
This article studies majority voting over the size and location of a public good when voters differ both in income and in their preferences for the public good location. Public good provision is financed either by a lump sum tax or by a proportional income tax. We analyze both the simultaneous and the sequential determinations of the public good’s size and location. We show that, while the choice of the type of public good follows the traditional median logic, the majoritarian determination of the taxation rate need not coincide with the preferences of a median income citizen. With lump sum financing, income heterogeneity plays no role and the sequential equilibrium consists of the median location together with the public good level most-preferred by the individual located at the median distance from the median. This policy bundle also constitutes an equilibrium with simultaneous voting in the special case of a uniform bivariate distribution of individuals’ income and location. With proportional taxation, there is no policy equilibrium with simultaneous voting. We offer a complete characterization of the equations describing the sequential equilibrium in the general case and we show why and how our results depart from those most-preferred by the median income individual located at the median distance from the median. We also compare these majority voting allocations with the socially optimal one. 相似文献
239.
Pierre‐Philippe Combes Laurent Linnemer 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2003,1(6):1250-1308
We measure the past production of research articles by current members of European economics institutions. All EconLit journals are used, weighted to reflect differences in quality. Both a long (1971–2000) and a short (1996–2000) time period are considered. We also provide production indices that take into account the authors' career length. The total output of each research center is measured as well as its production per member. The focus is on 600 centers from eighteen European countries (EU 14, Israel, Norway, Switzerland, and Turkey). European centers are compared to the top sixty U.S. economics departments. Statistics regarding the concentration of article production across researchers, institutions, and countries are provided, as well as on publication habits. (JEL: A14, L11, R32) 相似文献
240.