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81.
82.
Benoǐt Pierre FREYENS 《Revue Internationale du Travail》2010,149(3):313-344
Les coǔts de licenciement, ainsi que l'appareil législatif et réglementaire régissant les relations professionnelles, sont souvent blǎmés pour les mauvaises performances du marché du travail. Toutefois, les études théoriques et économétriques sur l'impact économique de ces coǔts ne sont pas concluantes. Par le passé, on s'est surtout intéressé aux hypothèses fonctionnelles et à l'incidence des divers paramètres, mais on a très peu analysé la qualité et la précision des méthodes de mesure de ces coǔts, dont dépendent pourtant la plupart des résultats en cette matière. L'auteur examine les méthodes de mesure directes et indirectes couramment utilisées en ce domaine, et soutient qu'il est essentiel d'employer les méthodes quantitatives directes, rarement utilisées par les chercheurs, pour compléter les méthodes de mesure indirectes auxquelles on a généralement recours. Ce point est illustré par les résultats d'un sondage expérimental récemment mené en Australie. 相似文献
83.
This article deals with a Bayesian predictive approach for two-stage sequential analyses in clinical trials, applied to both frequentist and Bayesian tests. We propose to make a predictive inference based on the notion of satisfaction index and the data accrued so far together with future data. The computations and the simulation results concern an inferential problem, related to the binomial model. 相似文献
84.
85.
Corneli Marco Bouveyron Charles Latouche Pierre Rossi Fabrice 《Statistics and Computing》2019,29(4):677-695
Statistics and Computing - The present paper develops a probabilistic model to cluster the nodes of a dynamic graph, accounting for the content of textual edges as well as their frequency. Vertices... 相似文献
86.
This study seeks to shed light on the relationship between the situation and the activation of specific relationships. We hypothesized that the type of uncertainty present in a situation would prompt people to call upon different relationships based on different types of trust: cognitive trust for expertise and affective trust for friendship. We elaborated vignettes as name generators to test whether the colleagues called upon in different situations were perceived as being more friends or more experts. The perceived level of expertise and friendship were evaluated with Likert-style scales. The results support our theoretical argument to the effect that the “activation” of a relationship is influenced by the type of uncertainty a person is confronted to. Situations of information uncertainty elicit recourse to relationships based on expertise while ambiguous situations call for friendship. 相似文献
87.
Pierre A. Devijver 《Journal of applied statistics》1993,20(5-6):187-227
This paper addresses the image modeling problem under the assumption that images can be represented by third-order, hidden Markov mesh random field models. The range of applications of the techniques described hereafter comprises the restoration of binary images, the modeling and compression of image data, as well as the segmentation of gray-level or multi-spectral images, and image sequences under the short-range motion hypothesis. We outline coherent approaches to both the problems of image modeling (pixel labeling) and estimation of model parameters (learning). We derive a real-time labeling algorithm-based on a maximum, marginal a posteriori probability criterion-for a hidden third-order Markov mesh random field model. Our algorithm achieves minimum time and space complexities simultaneously, and we describe what we believe to be the most appropriate data structures to implement it. Critical aspects of the computer simulation of a real-time implementation are discussed, down to the computer code level. We develop an (unsupervised) learning technique by which the model parameters can be estimated without ground truth information. We lay bare the conditions under which our approach can be made time-adaptive in order to be able to cope with short-range motion in dynamic image sequences. We present extensive experimental results for both static and dynamic images from a wide variety of sources. They comprise standard, infra-red and aerial images, as well as a sequence of ultrasound images of a fetus and a series of frames from a motion picture sequence. These experiments demonstrate that the method is subjectively relevant to the problems of image restoration, segmentation and modeling. 相似文献
88.
This study investigated self-harming behaviors in 149 female adolescent victims of sexual abuse, first, by determining the rates of nine types of self-mutilating behavior at intake and nine months later and, second, by investigating comorbidity of clinical correlates associated with these behaviors. The adolescents were divided into three groups according to level of self-mutilating behavior and then compared on symptom self-reports; 62.1% of the adolescents engaged in at least one self-mutilating behavior. A graded relation was observed between level of self-mutilating behavior and rate, and total number of clinical disorders. At nine month follow-up, one in four teenagers still reported a moderate or high level of self-harm. The need for systematic assessment and intervention of self-mutilating behaviors is discussed. 相似文献
89.
This study examines the distribution of psychological distress in twelve occupational groups over the decade 1987-1998 in the Quebec workforce. Cross-sectional data from the three phases of the Quebec Health and Social Survey are used with n = 9,450 in 1987, n = 10,947 in 1992 and n = 10,960 in 1998, totalling 31,357 workers aged 15 and over. Occupations are classified according to the Canadian Socio-economic Classification of Occupations. Prevalence estimates for occupational groups are computed and logistic regression analyses are conducted controlling for gender, age and marital status. The results show that the prevalence of workers with psychological distress increased sharply between 1987 and 1992 and declined back in 1998 but still increased compared to 1987. However, only non-qualified white collars, semi-qualified blue collars and male non-qualified blue collars show a significant increment in psychological distress over time. Analysis of the differentials in the prevalence of psychological distress gives greater odds of distress for supervisors, semi-qualified white and blue collar workers compared to upper managers. The odds for occupations are stable over time, gender, age and marital status. The odds of female workers significantly decreased in the three phases. It appears that the restructuring of the work environment and the perturbations in the larger society promoted an increase of psychological distress within definite segments of the workforce. The specific contribution of occupation is limited but supervisors and occupations requiring lower qualifications are more at risk regarding mental health at work. 相似文献
90.
Using a spectral approach, the authors propose tests to detect multivariate ARCH effects in the residuals from a multivariate regression model. The tests are based on a comparison, via a quadratic norm, between the uniform density and a kernel‐based spectral density estimator of the squared residuals and cross products of residuals. The proposed tests are consistent under an arbitrary fixed alternative. The authors present a new application of the test due to Hosking (1980) which is seen to be a special case of their approach involving the truncated uniform kernel. However, they typically obtain more powerful procedures when using a different weighting. The authors consider especially the procedure of Robinson (1991) for choosing the smoothing parameter of the spectral density estimator. They also introduce a generalized version of the test for ARCH effects due to Ling & Li (1997). They investigate the finite‐sample performance of their tests and compare them to existing tests including those of Ling & Li (1997) and the residual‐based diagnostics of Tse (2002).Finally, they present a financial application. 相似文献