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991.
K. Brandon Lang Megumi Omori 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):171-183
Using data from the 2004 and 2005 Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES) comprising of 15,000 respondents, this study examines
two research questions. The first of these considers the demographic differences between households whose members lose money
playing the lottery and/or engaging in pari-mutuel betting and those whose members do not lose money participating in such
activities. The second assesses demographic differences among households whose members lose money playing the lottery and/or
engaging in pari-mutuel betting. It was found that respondents living in money-losing households are slightly older, better
off financially, more likely to be married or divorced, more likely to live in a state with at least one legal casino and
more likely to live in the Northeast than respondents living in non-money-losing households. Among those living in money-losing
households, the least wealthy and African American respondents are more likely to lose a higher proportion of their respective
incomes purchasing lottery tickets and engaging in pari-mutuel betting than wealthier respondents and whites. 相似文献
992.
Wei-Chu Weng 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2011,22(1):19-34
In this paper, we introduce a combinatorial problem faced in the tire industry and then define it and optimize it by tabu
search from the perspective of operational research. Such a problem is termed the pitch arrangement problem and involves both
selecting and sequencing problems along with noninteger design variables. Pitch arrangement is an essential procedure for
tires before their manufacture. Using this procedure, engineers have to choose an optimal groove distribution on tire treads
for the purpose of manufacturing low-noise tires. Most research works on pitch arrangement are supported by tire companies,
and their results are patented instead of being published. In this study, we define the abovementioned problem clearly and
optimize it by tabu search. Two actual manufactured tires are chosen for the case studies. In addition, two patents and two
types of pitch sequences optimized by genetic algorithms are also applied to these two tires for comparison. The pitch arrangement
is optimized successfully and the performance of tabu search is found to be outstanding. 相似文献
993.
994.
In performance evaluations, data without explicit inputs (such as index data, pure output data) are widely used. To directly use such data, this paper presents a study on building DEA models without explicit inputs, so-called DEA-WEI models, which are applicable to the evaluation applications where inputs are not directly considered. We provide an axiom foundation of these kinds of models, and further discuss how to incorporate value judgments of decision makers into these DEA-WEI models. Several such models are derived. Finally, applications of the DEA-WEI models are presented. 相似文献
995.
Sigrid Rotering-Steinberg 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2009,40(2):125-127
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
996.
Decision making theory in general, and mental models in particular, associate judgment and choice. Decision choice follows
probability estimates and errors in choice derive mainly from errors in judgment. In the studies reported here we use the
Monty Hall dilemma to illustrate that judgment and choice do not always go together, and that such a dissociation can lead
to better decision-making. Specifically, we demonstrate that in certain decision problems, exceeding working memory limitations
can actually improve decision choice. We show across four experiments that increasing the number of choice alternatives forces
people to collapse choices together, resulting in better decision-making. While choice performance improves, probability judgments
do not change, thus demonstrating an important dissociation between choice and probability judgments. We propose the Collapsing
Choice Theory (CCT) which explains how working memory capacity, probability estimation, choice alternatives, judgment, and
regret all interact and effect decision quality.
相似文献
997.
Luís Santos-Pinto 《Theory and Decision》2009,66(4):317-343
Research in psychology suggests that some individuals are more sensitive to positive than to negative information while others
are more sensitive to negative rather than positive information. I take these cognitive positive–negative asymmetries in information
processing to a Bayesian decision-theory model and explore its consequences in terms of decisions and payoffs. I show that
in monotone decision problems economic agents with more positive-responsive information structures are always better off,
ex ante, when they face problems where payoffs are relatively more sensitive to the action chosen when the state of nature
is favorable.
相似文献
998.
Theodore J. Noseworthy Karen Finlay 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):331-342
This research examined the effects of a casino’s auditory character on estimates of elapsed time while gambling. More specifically,
this study varied whether the sound heard while gambling was ambient casino sound alone or ambient casino sound accompanied
by music. The tempo and volume of both the music and ambient sound were varied to manipulate temporal engagement and introspection.
One hundred and sixty (males = 91) individuals played slot machines in groups of 5–8, after which they provided estimates
of elapsed time. The findings showed that the typical ambient casino auditive environment, which characterizes the majority
of gaming venues, promotes understated estimates of elapsed duration of play. In contrast, when music is introduced into the
ambient casino environment, it appears to provide a cue of interval from which players can more accurately reconstruct elapsed
duration of play. This is particularly the case when the tempo of the music is slow and the volume is high. Moreover, the
confidence with which time estimates are held (as reflected by latency of response) is higher in an auditive environment with
music than in an environment that is comprised of ambient casino sounds alone. Implications for casino management are discussed. 相似文献
999.
Board size and corporate performance: the missing role of board leadership structure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Khaled Elsayed 《Journal of Management and Governance》2011,15(3):415-446
Different arguments have been introduced in the literature both for and against large and small board sizes. In this context,
empirical evidence regarding the impact of board size on corporate performance is less conclusive, which means that further
study is needed. Contrary to previous work, it is hypothesized in this study that the relationship between board size and
corporate performance is more likely to be confounded by board leadership structure. Econometric analysis provided strong
evidence for the applicability of this hypothesis and demonstrated that board size positively affects corporate performance
in the presence of CEO non-duality (board leadership structure that is split between the roles of the CEO and the roles of
the chairman). Furthermore, board size is shown to have a negative influence on corporate performance in the presence of CEO
duality (board leadership structure that assigns the roles of both CEO and chairman to the same person). This conclusion is
robust to the use of different measures of corporate performance, control variables and econometric models. Thus, these findings
cast doubt on most of the existing evidence that posits that either large or small board size is always the best alternative
to be followed in all organizations. 相似文献
1000.
Elena Sherwood 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2009,37(4):332-339
This theoretical discussion shed lights on the elements that impact on Canadian military marriages. A case example is presented
to illustrate the value of using the strengths perspective, systems theory and attachment theory when assessing couples in
this group. It further demonstrates how different assessment approaches produce significantly varied treatment plans. 相似文献