Abortion costs, sexual behavior, and pregnancy rates

This paper empirically examines the question: Do the direct (price) and indirect (restrictive abortion laws) costs of obtaining an abortion have an impact on the likelihood of women becoming pregnant? Using the economic model of fertility control, the empirical results find that increases in the real price of obtaining an abortion cause a statistically and numerically significant decrease in the pregnancy rate of all women of childbearing age (15–44 years) and teens (ages 15–19). A state parental involvement law is also found to decrease the pregnancy rate of all women of childbearing age and an even numerically larger decrease for teens. A state Medicaid funding restriction of abortion, waiting period law, and mandatory counseling law do not have a statistically significant impact on the pregnancy rate of either group. Taken together the empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis that women's sexual behavior is influenced by the direct and indirect cost of obtaining an abortion.     

The impact of tax rates, political partisanship and economic variables on the distribution of state and local tax burdens

This study finds that the effective state and local tax rate for the top 1% of income households as a percentage of the effective state and local tax rate for the bottom 20% of income households in 2002 is significantly influenced by whether a state has a multi-rate income tax, right-to-work laws, the liberalism of a state's electorate, the average tax burden in a state and past tax policy. Democratic Party strength in state government, Republican or Democratic Party institutional control of state government, change in real per capita income, a Democratic Governor and the change in the share of income going to the top 1% of income households are not significant predictors. The empirical results are identical for the top 2-5% of income households to the bottom 20% of income households.     

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高效管理知识型员工——以员工的愿望和需求为出发点来领导

当今,要管理有着各自专业造诣的人才,领导者得具备特别的管理能力。不过,这可不是你通常会联想到的那些技能噢!一般而言,知识型员工对于自己的本职工作,懂得的都比你多。那么,你要如何管理这些专业知识比你丰富的员工呢？     

a study of the generalized tukey lambda family

The Tukey lambda family of distributions together with its extensions have played an important role in statistical practice. In this paper a con¬tinuously defined two-parameter generalization of this family, which holds promise of a variety of additional applications, is variously studied. The coefficients of skewness and kurtosis and the density shapes of its members are examined and the family is related to the classical Pearsonian system of distributions.     

Protecting human participants in long-term care research: the role of state law and policy

There has been substantial recent activity addressed at the challenge of protecting the rights and welfare of vulnerable human participants in various kinds of research protocols, on one hand, without unduly impeding the conduct of research that promises findings that may substantially improve health and quality of life for many beneficiaries of research, on the other. Many of the emerging recommendations for improved participant protection are relevant to, and in some cases explicitly targeted at, vulnerable older persons, including long-term, chronically dependent nursing home and home health patients, who may be approached by investigators. Thus far, virtually all of the discussion and recommendations regarding research participant protection pertain to possible legal and policy changes at the federal level. Yet, both current federal law and emerging policy recommendations defer, either expressly or by default through their silence, on some very important matters about research participation, especially regarding informed consent, determinations of decisional capacity, and surrogate decision-making authority, to the laws of individual states. This article analyzes and interweaves recommendations regarding the role of state law and public policy in protecting older persons who are or may become participants in long-term care research projects.