Doing More with Less? Employee Reactions to Psychological Contract Breach via Target Similarity or Spillover during Public Sector Organizational Change

Many countries are facing the twin pressures of austerity and recession following the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. This paper uses the UK public sector and a major national announcement of budget cuts signalling extensive organizational cutbacks as its setting. We examine (a) whether organizational changes following the national announcement affect public sector employees' psychological contract breach, (b) whether employee reactions to psychological contract breach are consistent with the target similarity model and vary across foci, namely the organization, co‐workers and public service users, and (c) whether some of these relationships are moderated by job insecurity or public sector commitment. We collected longitudinal survey data before and after the announcement of budget cuts, using a sample of 340 employees from a range of public organizations and locations. Results largely confirm the hypotheses. Increases in organizational change predicted psychological contract breach, which in turn predicted decreases in contributions towards the organization; however, contributions towards co‐workers and public service users were unaffected, which can be explained with a target similarity, rather than a spillover, model. Furthermore, the relationship between breach and employee behaviours directed toward the public was moderated by job insecurity and public sector commitment.     

地方政府融资平台现状及发展策略——基于四川省某融资平台公司调查分析

针对目前传统的机车信号测试环线安装在钢轨内侧腰部存在一定的磁屏蔽、安装相对不是很容易、施工钢轨穿孔困难等缺点,结合具体施工等实际因素,设计并实现了一种成本较为低廉、安装方便、削弱构成磁屏蔽的一种机车信号测试环线支架法。该方法采用自主设计,特定加工的环线支架固定在钢轨上,环线通过支架安装在钢轨外侧,高度基本与钢轨高度水平。实践证明,这种环线支架法较之前传统的安装方式使用效果良好、信号检测稳定,设计经过实践检验基本合理,能满足机车信号的正常检测,在一定程度上优化了设计,方便了施工,达到了预期目标。     

黄土泥岩接触面滑坡工程防护的数值模拟

以晋陕蒙接壤区黄土泥岩接触地带滑坡为工程研究背景,分析研究黄土泥岩接触面滑坡的工程防护。通过室内试验确定了黄土的基本物理力学参数。利用FLAC2D数值软件,对地区常见的挡墙和锚索工程防护措施,针对坡脚为15°和25°的滑坡模型进行了工程防护的数值模拟,对比其防护效果,并给出工程建议。     

The effect of context variables on cognitive effort in multiattribute binary choice

This article reports an empirical investigation of the cognitive effort required to decide in multiattribute binary choice using a variation of the Additive Difference strategy. In contrast with other studies, this paper focuses on the effect of various context variables (rather than task variables) on cognitive effort. In order to select the context variables to be manipulated, we used the model proposed by Shugan (1980; J. Consumer Res. 75 (1980) 99). Our results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the cognitive effort required to decide and the mean of the differences between the dimensions of the choice alternatives. We have also found an inverse relationship between cognitive effort and the variance of the differences between the dimensions of the choice alternatives. Finally, we have found that in negative correlation contexts the effort needed to decide is greater than in positive and null correlation contexts.     

勘探“人民文学”的“现代人学内涵”

以工农兵为本位的“人民文学”形态是在历史曲折中形成的 ,创作主体与对象主体的角色意识经过错位与置换 ,导致“人民文学”的现代人学内涵的失落或潜隐 ,有必要重新勘探与阐释     

Secondary issues and party politics: an application to environmental policy

This article develops a political economy model to assess the interplay between party formation and an environmental policy dimension viewed as secondary to the redistributive dimension. We define being a secondary issue in terms of the intensity of preferences over this issue rather than in terms of the proportion of voters who care for the environment. Equilibrium policies are the outcome of an electoral competition game between endogenous parties. We obtain the following results: (i) The Pigouvian tax never emerges in an equilibrium; (ii) The equilibrium environmental tax is larger when there is a minority of green voters; (iii) Stable green parties exist only if there is a minority of green voters and income polarization is large enough relative to the saliency of the environmental issue. We also study the redistributive policies advocated by green parties.     

Neurodevelopmental biology associated with childhood sexual abuse

Child maltreatment appears to be the single most preventable cause of mental illness and behavioral dysfunction in the United States. Few published studies examine the developmental and the psychobiological consequences of sexual abuse. There are multiple mechanisms through which sexual abuse can cause post-traumatic stress disorder, activate biological stress response systems, and contribute to adverse brain development. This article will critically review the psychiatric problems associated with maltreatment and the emerging biologic stress system research with a special emphasis on what is known about victimization by sexual abuse.     

普通高校体育舞蹈课运用莫斯顿互惠分组模式教学实验研究

通过在普通高校体育课中应用莫斯顿互惠分组模式教学,并且进行了为期一个学期的实验研究。结果表明：莫斯顿互惠分组教学模式有利于开发学生潜力,促进学生更好的掌握运动技能;有利于增强学生学习的积极性,提高学习质量;有利于培养学生的协作精神和观察分析问题的能力。因此,运用莫斯顿互惠分组模式教学对实现普通高校体育课的教学目标有着显著效果,对于实现素质教育有着重要意义。     

国际法庭在跨界水资源争端解决中的作用——以盖巴斯科夫-拉基玛洛项目案为例

随着水资源的日益短缺,跨界水资源纠纷越来越多,国际法庭必将更多地参与其中。评析国际法院在解决斯洛伐克和匈牙利之间盖巴斯科夫-拉基玛洛项目案中的作用,可以发现国际法庭有时不能正确认识和区分法学追求正义之理想同法律应当寻求消除实在争端之间的关系。因此,水道国在解决跨界水资源争端时,需要就是否适合选择国际法庭作为争端解决方式,以及如何选择适用于解决争端的法律作出谨慎而明智的选择。     

复杂技术创新组织的有效性:基于不确定性视角

复杂技术创新是发展中国家进行产业结构升级的一个重要努力方向,也是我国实施自主创新战略的重要方面。高度不确定性是复杂技术创新的主要特征,如何从创新模式及组织形式等方面减少创新过程的不确定性,成为复杂技术创新管理的关键所在。复杂技术创新过程中需要多种知识和技能并且需要创造新知识,创新主体对知识资源的获取成为复杂技术创新不确定性的主要来源。自组织网络能够有效降低这种不确定性,从而促进复杂技术创新。