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891.
Working conditions in the export industry of northern Morocco: Legal framework and situation on the ground
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Antonio TRINIDAD REQUENA Rosa M. SORIANO MIRAS Francisco BARROS RODRÍGUEZ 《International labour review / International Labour Office》2018,157(2):307-329
Companies in northern Morocco that export manufactured goods and services run on a production system characterized by high pressure, flexible use of labour, strict supervision and the challenging of certain labour rights. This article studies the conditions of work at these enterprises on the basis of the theoretical model of the “localized global economy”, drawing distinctions based on types of enterprise, industry and occupational categories. The results show how changes to the labour law in 2004, which adopted the standards contained in international conventions, have given more power to multinational enterprises. 相似文献
892.
Tomáš Malatinec Nataša Urbančíková Oto Hudec 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》2020,58(2):98-117
This article contributes to the recent debate on the perception of migration and diversity; it empirically examines whether public decision-makers and public administrators perceive migration and diversity as related or if they distinguish between them. It also seeks to identify the most important characteristics of respondents with positive attitudes to migration and diversity. The sample of the respondents covers Turkey, Greece, Hungary and Slovakia; those located on the “Balkan migration route” into Europe. Due to different experiences, respondents from countries with large-scale migration perceive migration and diversity differently from those in countries directly threatened by migration or countries without any direct impact of migration. Gender appears to be a statistically significant predictor in the need for high managerial skills to manage migration and diversity. Some size categories of municipalities where a respondent works appear to be statistically significant when ranking the local impacts and local economic benefits of migration. 相似文献
893.
Rebecca Jean Emigh Cynthia Feliciano Corey O’Malley David Cook-Martín 《Social indicators research》2018,138(2):545-574
During the market transition in Eastern Europe, social support mechanisms shifted from employment-based measures to means-tested ones. This restructuring, along with an overall decrease in social support and economic productivity and an increase in unemployment, meant that these payments were often inadequate to address the large rise in poverty during this period of time. Little research, however, considers whether individual-level payments were effective in reducing poverty. This paper considers the efficacy of these individual-level payments in Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania, using two-wave panel data. It shows that state transfers to individuals reduced their poverty in all these countries. Thus, while the level of payments may have been inadequate to eliminate the adverse effects of the market transition, the payments themselves were beneficial to individuals and reduced their poverty. 相似文献
894.
This article focuses on an analysis of social insurance models and reforms in Chile, Uruguay and Brazil. Noting that these three countries are following different reform trajectories, the article explores trends in the restructuring of each of these insurance systems across the course of successive reforms. In the systems, different trends are supporting a closer link between contributions and benefits, according growing importance to private individual accounts and favouring the expansion of the role played by social assistance. These trends all suggest a move towards various forms of multi‐pillared social insurance, but with uncertain results in terms of redistribution and the dynamics of the fundamental objectives of social insurance. 相似文献
895.
Rosa L. Matzkin 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2008,76(5):945-978
This paper provides conditions for identification of functionals in nonparametric simultaneous equations models with nonadditive unobservable random terms. The conditions are derived from a characterization of observational equivalence between models. We show that, in the models considered, observational equivalence can be characterized by a restriction on the rank of a matrix. The use of the new results is exemplified by deriving previously known results about identification in parametric and nonparametric models as well as new results. A stylized method for analyzing identification, which is useful in some situations, is also presented. 相似文献
896.
Martín Ríos 《Journal of applied statistics》2010,37(3):501-513
The most common phenomena in the evolution process are natural selection and genetic drift. In this article, we propose a probabilistic method to calculate the mean and variance time for random genetic drift equilibrium, measured as number of generations, based on Markov process and a complex probabilistic model. We studied the case of a constant, panmictic population of diploid organisms, which had a demonstrated lack of mutation, selection or migration for a determined autonomic locus, and two possible alleles, H and h. The calculations presented in this article were based on a Markov process. They explain how genetic and genotypic frequencies changed in different generations and how the heterozygote alleles became extinguished after many generations. This calculation could be used in more evolutionary applications. Finally, some simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical calculations presented using different basal situations. 相似文献
897.
The model that describes the retention in lungs of radioisotope particles is studied in this paper, considering the situation of an accident in facilities that handle radioactive materials. Optimal times to make the bioassays are computed for D‐ and c‐optimality, and efficiencies for the computed designs are provided and compared. Moreover, the test power is checked by means of simulations and replications. After that the inverse of the Fisher information matrix is compared to an estimation of the covariance matrix of the parameters. Finally, a study taking into consideration the randomness of the designs space is performed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
898.
Víctor J. García‐Morales Francisco Javier Lloréns‐Montes Antonio J. Verdú‐Jover 《英国管理杂志》2008,19(4):299-319
Today's information and knowledge society requires new leaders who can confront a reality based on knowledge and foster innovation to achieve improvements in organizational performance. However, organizations sometimes fail to achieve sustainable competitive advantage due to their limited understanding of the relationships between these strategic variables. To date, very little research has analysed the direct and indirect relationships between these variables. Our study seeks to fill this research gap by analysing theoretically and empirically how the leader's perceptions of different intermediate strategic variables related to knowledge (knowledge slack, absorptive capacity, tacitness, organizational learning) and innovation influence the relation between transformational leadership and organizational performance. Based on the literature, we develop a theoretical model that shows the interrelations between these variables. We then test the model using data from 408 Spanish organizations, discuss the findings and provide several implications for business practitioners. 相似文献
899.
900.
Here we examine the existence of the projection of a probability measure in a parametric statistical model. Once, in a general framework, the existence of the projection is established, we consider the problem from a statistical point of view, modeling a parametric statistical model as a convenient manifold. 相似文献