两极张力间的诗性写作——论沈苇诗歌中的背反与融合

沈苇诗歌的独特性在一定程度上产生于两极属性的背反与融合之间。就艺术风格而言,粗犷、唯我的浪漫主义风格与细腻、平实的诗风并行不悖又相互融合;就现实与"存在"的关系而论,在正面呈现被简化的、平淡的现实的同时,沈苇不断勘探着另一种"存在"的可能性,并将后者根植于现实之中而非彼岸世界;此外,就意象和情境的表现方式来看,将生与死、动与静等两极属性合于一体的认知方式,作为一种根本性的思维模式全面贯穿于沈苇的诗作中,使其作品充满了相对性的意识与变动性的思想。     

Improving patients’ satisfaction in a mobile hospital using Lean Six Sigma – a design-thinking intervention

Abstract

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) that offers a unique integration of Lean and Six Sigma has been accepted globally across services sectors. Previous studies that examined the application of LSS in healthcare were steered in traditional hospital settings. Apparently, there are no studies that highlight the application of LSS in mobile hospitals, an emerging trend in the healthcare sector. The aim of this article is to explore the applicability of LSS in a mobile hospital. The authors present a case study of improving patients’ satisfaction in a mobile hospital, through reducing turnaround time. Design-thinking intervention to LSS helped resolve a real-time problem using Define-Measure-Analyze-Design-Verify roadmap. This article contributes to the ‘healthcare quality” body of knowledge and is novel as it is the first of its kind of LSS application in a mobile hospital underpinning Design thinking. This study is unique as it demonstrates academia–industry collaboration in solving an organizational problem.     

发达国家与我国城市科技服务业的比较和启示

本文首先从发展的历程和环境、产业形态与整体实力以及产业政策三个方面,对发达国家城市科技服务业发展的现状和动因作简要的总结;之后从发展现状、产业形态、地区分布等几个方面简述我国城市科技服务业发展概况;最后分析我国城市科技服务业存在的问题以及发达国家城市科技服务业发展对我国城市科技服务业发展的启示。     

Parallelizing computation of expected values in recombinant binomial trees

Recombinant binomial trees are binary trees where each non-leaf node has two child nodes, but adjacent parents share a common child node. Such trees arise in option pricing in finance. For example, an option can be valued by evaluating the expected payoffs with respect to random paths in the tree. The cost to exactly compute expected values over random paths grows exponentially in the depth of the tree, rendering a serial computation of one branch at a time impractical. We propose a parallelization method that transforms the calculation of the expected value into an embarrassingly parallel problem by mapping the branches of the binomial tree to the processes in a multiprocessor computing environment. We also discuss a parallel Monte Carlo method and verify the convergence and the variance reduction behavior by simulation study. Performance results from R and Julia implementations are compared on a distributed computing cluster.     

Estimation of coefficient of dispersion using auxiliary information

In this note, we consider the problem of estimation of coefficient of dispersion of a study variable by making use of known value of the coefficient of dispersion of an auxiliary variable. We propose ratio and regression-type estimators. We derive expressions of bias and variance of the proposed estimators to the first order of approximation. The relative efficiencies of the ratio and regression-type estimators with respect to the naïve estimator are investigated through a simulation study.     

Performance Measurement: Challenges for Tomorrow*

This paper demonstrates that the context within which performance measurement is used is changing. The key questions posed are: Is performance measurement ready for the emerging context? What are the gaps in our knowledge? and Which lines of enquiry do we need to pursue? A literature synthesis conducted by a team of multidisciplinary researchers charts the evolution of the performance‐measurement literature and identifies that the literature largely follows the emerging business and global trends. The ensuing discussion introduces the currently emerging and predicted future trends and explores how current knowledge on performance measurement may deal with the emerging context. This results in identification of specific challenges for performance measurement within a holistic systems‐based framework. The principle limitation of the paper is that it covers a broad literature base without in‐depth analysis of a particular aspect of performance measurement. However, this weakness is also the strength of the paper. What is perhaps most significant is that there is a need for rethinking how we research the field of performance measurement by taking a holistic systems‐based approach, recognizing the integrated and concurrent nature of challenges that the practitioners, and consequently the field, face.     

《文章缘起》的真伪问题

四库馆臣说<文章缘起>为伪作的四条理由均不充分,后人因之附会的一些理由更不能成立.山堂考索本<文章缘起>是张绩的增补本,张绩对<文章缘起>作过个别注释,并可能从梁代的物原论中补入了三十四种文体.除非能够举出更有力的证据,否则,<文章缘起>中的大部分内容仍可认定为任防所作.     

对信息不对称问题的重新思考

自阿克洛夫以来,经济理论界在研究信息不对称问题时,由于受传统刻画不确定性方法的束缚,没有认识到个人在做出决策时对其他参与者的类型集的主观估计的重要作用,因此缺乏对某些问题的现实解释力。对传统理论的假设做出合理的改变,才能拓展对信息不对称问题的研究途径,得出新的结论。     

地方政府异质性与区域环境合作治理——基于中国式分权的演化博弈分析

传统经济学隐含的同质性假设无法解释中国不同地方政府在区域环境合作治理过程中表现出的矛盾行为，区域环境合作治理研究陷入困境。通过剖析中国式分权制度背景下地方政府异质性的传导机制，从收入和偏好两个异质性维度出发，建立地方政府有限理性的演化博弈模型，探讨地方政府关于环境合作策略选择的行为演化过程及其收敛趋势。研究结果表明，区域环境合作治理取决于地方政府的收入和偏好差异，以及对合作方的损失补偿或对不合作方施加监管与惩罚的力度。增加地方政府收入、加大对不合作者的监管有利于提高地方政府参与环境合作的概率；适度的偏好异质性有利于促进区域环境合作；而地区间收入异质性不利于促进区域环境合作；在两地方政府收入相当时，一方可以迅速模仿复制另一方的环境策略，表现为相邻地方政府的策略趋同。基于此，提出加强环境监督约束机制，合理设计现行政府激励机制，完善区域之间、中央与地方政府之间环境转移支付制度等对策建议，以期推动中国区域环境合作治理高效执行，促进经济绩效向环境绩效良性转换。     

个体异质性与环境公共物品的私人有效供给

解决累积性环境恶化问题亟需所有个人与组织转变行为方式,为实现环境公共物品的有效供给而共同努力。基于个体异质性,选取最重要的异质性维度——偏好异质性和成本异质性,分析在单维和多维场景下,个体有效提供环境公共物品的均衡条件,以及政府环境政策工具的实施效率。研究结果表明:只存在个体偏好异质性时,潜在的大集团无法实现环境公共物品的有效供给,强制控制方法通过设立企业必须遵守的排污限制和技术标准等,能够提高环境公共物品的供给效率;而同时存在个体偏好异质性和成本异质性时,市场化方法能够发挥其资源有效配置的基础性作用,通过规避强制标准检测、执行的困难和政策后果的不确定性,提供比后者更高水平的环境公共物品。结合研究结论,认为应强化环境信息公开,加大环保法规标准执行力度,明晰环境治理责任主体,通过利益杠杆调动公众积极性。