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991.
We characterize two different approaches to the idea of equality of opportunity. Roemer’s social ordering is motivated by
a concern to compensate for the effects of certain (non-responsibility) factors on outcomes. Van de gaer’s social ordering
is concerned with the equalization of the opportunity sets to which people have access. We show how different invariance axioms
open the possibility to go beyond the simple additive specification implied by both rules. This offers scope for a broader
interpretation of responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism. 相似文献
992.
We consider a decision board with representatives who vote on proposals on behalf of their constituencies. We look for decision
rules that realize utilitarian and (welfarist) egalitarian ideals. We set up a simple model and obtain roughly the following
results. If the interests of people from the same constituency are uncorrelated, then a weighted rule with square root weights
does best in terms of both ideals. If there are perfect correlations, then the utilitarian ideal requires proportional weights,
whereas the egalitarian ideal requires equal weights. We investigate correlations that are in between these extremes and provide
analytic arguments to connect our results to Barberà and Jackson (J Polit Econ 114(2):317–339, 2006) and to Banzhaf voting
power. 相似文献
993.
Robert C. Powers 《Social Choice and Welfare》2007,28(3):363-373
If an anonymous rule f always outputs a transitive relation and satisfies Pareto, then, by Arrow’s theorem, f violates the condition of independence. We give lower and upper bounds for the number of times an anonymous rule violates
independence in the case of three alternatives and three voters. 相似文献
994.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Social Choice and Welfare》2007,29(4):649-663
There has been very little contact between risk studies and more general studies of social decision processes. It is argued
that as a consequence of this, an oversimplified picture of social decision processes prevails in studies of risk. Tools from
decision theory, welfare economics, and moral theory can be used to analyze the intricate inter-individual relationships that
need to be treated in an adequate account of social decision-making about risk. However, this is not a matter of simple or
straightforward application of existing theory. It is a challenging area for new theoretical developments. 相似文献
995.
In the presence of Pareto, non-dictatorship, full domain, and transitivity, an extremely weak independence condition disallows
both anonymity and neutrality. 相似文献
996.
Timothy J. Keaveny Edward J. Inderrieden Peter G. Toumanoff 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(2):327-346
We conduct a comprehensive examination of the gender differences in pay focusing on multiple perspectives emanating from economics, social psychology, and gender studies. Data are drawn from surveys of MBA students conducted by the Graduate Management Admissions Council. Although women in both samples earn significantly less on average than men, when the effects of the study's variables are considered via multiple regression analysis, no significant difference in annual salary is observed. Our results show the importance of simultaneously considering the impact of human capital, job and firm characteristics, demographics, and cognitive skills. Structural differences are noted in the models estimated separately for men and women. However, the results from decomposing salary differentials are quite consistent with estimates from the single-equation models. 相似文献
997.
The Nature and Consequences of Organization-Employee and Union-Member Exchange: An Empirical Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Drawing on a study of 423 union members in a UK Primary Care Trust, we use structural equation modeling to investigate the extent to which organizational and union commitment and citizenship behaviors are a function of economic and social exchange. Findings suggest that the organization-employee and union-member exchanges are distinct, with organizational commitment a function of organization-employee exchange and union commitment and citizenship behaviors (UCB) a function of union-member exchange. Findings also suggest that union commitment and UCB are motivated primarily by social exchange, with economic exchange playing a supporting role. In addition, for organizational commitment, social exchange also seemed to be relatively more important. There was no evidence that perceived industrial relations climate moderates these relationships. Implications for industrial relations and workplace social partnerships are considered. 相似文献
998.
999.
Ohne Zusammenfassung
unter Mithilfe von Jule Lorenzen, Sabine Petschke, Lisa-Marian Schmidt und René Tuma 相似文献
1000.