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291.
Sandra Davidson Scott 《Gender Issues》1993,13(1):23-40
In ethical decision making, emotion can be superior to reason, although historically emotion has been generally considered
inferior to reason. A single concept serves as the principle for emotional development and decision making—empathy.
For journalists, legal questions are often easy, ethical questions hard. “Newsworthiness” gives journalists a broad defense
against privacy suits. Photographs have caused much controversy. As this article shows, usually journalists win suits involving
photographs. Still, ethical questions persist. In the heat of time pressure, emotivism provides a fairly simple and accurate
method of deciding whether to use photographs, and this article provides steps for applying emotivism. 相似文献
292.
National estimates of teenage sexual activity: Evaluating the comparability of three national surveys 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
In this article, we examine the reliability with which teenage sexual activity was reported in three recent national surveys. Unlike other study-effects analyses of objective demographic phenomena such as births and marriages, ours focuses on a more sensitive question--age at first intercourse as reported in three very different surveys. Specifically, we compare reports for the 1959-1963 cohort in the 1979 Kantner-Zelnik Study of Young Women, the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, and the 1983 wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. For the ages when the majority of teens become sexually active (16-19), the three surveys provide comparable estimates of early sexual activity. For the younger teen ages, however, there is some disagreement among the estimates. Nevertheless, all three studies produce consistent estimates of the determinants of sexual activity throughout the teen years. 相似文献
293.
Suzanne Ryan Jennifer Manlove Sandra L. Hofferth 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(1):103-126
Using discrete time event history analyses of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we examine the association
between state-level welfare waiver policies implemented before the 1996 welfare reform legislation and the risk of a nonmarital
subsequent birth. Our study makes a unique contribution to the existing literature by using a national-level sample of unmarried
mothers who ever received welfare. This high-risk sample represents the women of most interest to policymakers, as it is the
exact group to whom welfare reform is targeted—welfare mothers at risk of having nonmarital additional births. The state policies
we study include: family cap, earnings disregard, work exemptions, work requirements, and sanctions. We conclude that, although
reducing the number of nonmarital births is a key goal of welfare reform, state-established welfare waiver policies do not
have any influence on women’s childbearing behaviors in this sample, net of women’s individual characteristics and state economic
environments. Even the family cap policy, which was designed for the sole purpose of reducing additional births, has no significant
association with nonmarital subsequent childbearing. Instead, personal characteristics, not public policies, are stronger
determinants of women’s childbearing decisions. Age, race/ethnicity, marital status, number of previous children, education
level, and welfare receipt are significantly associated with nonmarital subsequent births. Overall, this paper contributes
to an expanding body of research that shows minimal effects of welfare waivers on fertility. Our work suggests that more targeted
policies are necessary to be able to influence individual family formation behaviors. 相似文献
294.
The Antecedents of Teenage Fatherhood 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The High School and Beyond Survey was used to describe young men who are at risk of becoming teenage fathers and examine the causal process leading to early fathering for young men. Bivariate results show that men who are at risk of fathering children at a young age have unique attitudes and family, school, and dating experiences. Multivariate analyses suggest that the most cogent factors affecting teenage fathering include being black, going steady, and having unorthodox views about parenting outside of marriage. 相似文献
295.
296.
Sandra S. Butler 《Journal of women & aging》2020,32(1):122-127
ABSTRACTAs our population ages and people overwhelmingly prefer to age in place, the need for home care workers is steadily increasing. Unfortunately, due to the low value society places on caring work, filling these positions and retaining workers is a challenge. Drawing on a pilot study involving in-depth interviews with eight female home care aides, this brief report profiles three categories of worker perceptions of their jobs: “satisfied” (n = 3), “need more support” (n = 3), and “on my way out” (n = 2). Study participants liked their work but believed their jobs needed to be improved. Policy implications based on study findings are explored. 相似文献
297.
Understanding the beliefs that caregivers of people with dementia have in regard to the use of residential respite may inform strategies to address low service utilisation. In this article, the application of theory in qualitative research with 36 caregivers provides insight into why most delay service use. Although some believe that service use may increase caregiving longevity, others position service use in conflict with normative values, and may hold beliefs that negative outcomes will result from utilisation. To address caregivers' beliefs to support service use, improvements are required to service promotion, as well as to models of care. 相似文献
298.
Fran C. Blumberg Kirby Deater-Deckard Sandra L. Calvert Rachel M. Flynn C. Shawn Green David Arnold Patricia J. Brooks 《Social policy report / Society for Research in Child Development》2019,32(1):1-33
We document the need to examine digital game play and app use as a context for cognitive development, particularly during middle childhood. We highlight this developmental period as 6- through 12-year olds comprise a large swath of the preadult population that plays and uses these media forms. Surprisingly, this age range remains understudied with regard to the impact of their interactive media use as compared to young children and adolescents. This gap in knowledge about middle childhood may reflect strong and widely held concerns about the effects of digital games and apps before and after this period. These concerns include concurrent and subsequent influences of game use on very young children's and adolescents’ cognitive and socioemotional functioning. We highlight here what is currently known about the impact of media on young children and adolescents and what is not known about this impact in middle childhood. We then offer recommendations for the types of research that developmental scientists can undertake to examine the efficacy of digital games within the rapidly changing media ecology in which children live. We conclude with a discussion of media policies that we believe can help children benefit from their media use. Our hope is that this review will foster greater investigation of the cognitive socialization, as raised over 20 years ago by developmental psychologist and early games researcher Patricia Greenfield, that digital games serve during the middle childhood period, and childhood more generally. 相似文献
299.
300.