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This paper considers a connected Markov chain for sampling 3 × 3 ×K contingency tables having fixed two‐dimensional marginal totals. Such sampling arises in performing various tests of the hypothesis of no three‐factor interactions. A Markov chain algorithm is a valuable tool for evaluating P‐values, especially for sparse datasets where large‐sample theory does not work well. To construct a connected Markov chain over high‐dimensional contingency tables with fixed marginals, algebraic algorithms have been proposed. These algorithms involve computations in polynomial rings using Gröbner bases. However, algorithms based on Gröbner bases do not incorporate symmetry among variables and are very time‐consuming when the contingency tables are large. We construct a minimal basis for a connected Markov chain over 3 × 3 ×K contingency tables. The minimal basis is unique. Some numerical examples illustrate the practicality of our algorithms.  相似文献   
63.
Hirschi and Gottfredson (1983) claim that the relationship between age and crime is similar in all social and cultural conditions and that no current sociological or criminological theory can account for this similarity. We introduce the new field of evolutionary psychology and extend Daly and Wilson's (1988) work on homicide to construct a general theory of male criminality, which explains why men commit violent and property crimes. The theory can also explain the age-crime curve. It might also account for some empirical anomalies such as why physically smaller boys are more delinquent, and why violent criminals desist more slowly.  相似文献   
64.
A hypothetical biogeographical history of northeastern Asiatic soricine shrews in the late Quaternary was developed by integrating their present distributions, fossil records, a hypothetical phylogeny, and geological investigations. First, a biological area cladogram of the northeastern Asiatic region was constructed by applying the vicariance hypothesis to the phylogeny of thecaecutiens/shinto group, a monophyletic group proposed by Ohdachi et al. (1997). Comparing the biological area cladogram with a geological hypothesis by Ohshima (1990,1991,1992), we hypothesized a geographical history of northeastern Asia. Species were then located on the dendrogram of the geographical history, referring to the present distributions, fossil records, and phylogeny of shrews. According to our hypothesis, higher species diversity of the northern region of northeastern Asia (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Eastern Siberia) was achieved by several series of colonizations and habitat expansion. On the other hand, the shrew communities of the southern region (Honshu, Sado, Shikoku, and Kyushu) were created by extinction and isolation followed by speciation.  相似文献   
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The projection pursuit index defined by a sum of squares of the third and the fourth sample cumulants is known as the moment index proposed by Jones and Sibson [1987. What is projection pursuit? J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. A 150, 1–36]. The limiting distribution of the maximum of the moment index under the null hypothesis that the population is multivariate normal is shown to be the maximum of a Gaussian random field with a finite Karhunen–Loève expansion. An approximate formula for tail probability of the maximum, which corresponds to the p-value, is given by virtue of the tube method through determining Weyl's invariants of all degrees and the critical radius of the index manifold of the Gaussian random field.  相似文献   
67.
中村聪  马燕 《东方论坛》2010,(6):106-110
美国传教士在中国传教期间翻译编著了一些宗教书籍和科普书籍,对中国人认识世界提供了一定的基本理论和基本知识。这些汉文西洋科学译书传入日本后,便以和刻本方式翻刻或译述传播开来,在日本普及了科学知识。《地球说略》作为世界地理学的入门书籍曾被日本人广泛地阅读,成为深受欢迎的地理书籍和介绍西洋情况的书籍。  相似文献   
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