刘勰的文学观念——兼论所谓杂文学观念

刘勰在《文心雕龙》中所展示的文学观念 ,说明他能够从人类文化发展的角度 ,来认识文学的本质和特点。他既看到文学作为人类文化中的一个部分 ,具有人类文化的普遍共性 ,即也是“道之文” ,是具有客观真理性的自然之道的体现 ,同时又和人类文化中其他部分 ,如哲学、历史、政治、伦理道德等 ,具有根本不同的特点 ,它是艺术思维的产物 ,是人的感情的形象表现 ,是以语言为工具的审美的艺术品。刘勰和六朝时许多文学批评家一样 ,清楚地看到了那种宽泛的“文”的观念是不科学的 ,他们一直在用各种方式 ,试图寻找和探讨艺术文学 ,也就是所谓纯文学的特征 ,所以 ,简单地不加分析地肯定所谓“杂文学”观念 ,甚至把它说成是中国古代文学的民族特点 ,是不正确的     

Can the minimum living standard guarantee scheme enable the poor to escape the poverty trap in rural China?

The rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (Dibao) Scheme is the most important social assistance programme in rural China. However, how the rural Dibao programme affects household expenditures and whether it can enable the poor to escape the poverty trap are questions that remain largely unexplored. This study used data from the 2012 Rural Household Survey in China to investigate the impact of the rural Dibao programme on household expenditures. We found that the programme significantly improved the well‐being of low‐income households. Particularly, the programme significantly increased household expenditures on housing, education and health; furthermore, the impact was greater for households with educated household heads. However, the programme did not significantly affect household expenditures on food, transportation or farming inputs. The results imply that participation in the rural Dibao programme induces household investment in human capital, which could help to break the inter‐generational transmission of poverty and raise long‐run welfare.     

Price Incentives and Coordination in a Two‐Product Decentralized Supply Chain

We investigate pricing incentives for competing retailers who distribute two variants of a manufacturer's product in a decentralized supply chain. Under a two‐dimensional Hotelling model, we derive decentralized retailers' prices for the products, and distortions in pricing when compared to centrally optimal prices. We show that price distortions decrease as consumers' travel cost between retailers increases, due to less intense competition. However, price distortions do not change monotonically in consumers' switching cost between products within stores. To fix decentralized retailers' price distortions, we construct a two‐part pricing contract that coordinates the supply chain. We show that the coordinating contract is Pareto‐improving and analyze increase in the supply chain profit under coordination.     

Family Control and Stock Market Reactions to Innovation Announcements

Although family firms are common around the world, studies on family‐controlled business are limited. Prior studies mainly focused on the influences of family ownership on overall firm performance, and the results were mixed. In this study we attempted to explore the impacts of family ownership on innovation by examining the association of family control and stock market reactions to innovation announcements. We found that firms with greater family control experienced significantly more negative stock market reactions to innovation announcements. The results further indicated that divergence of cash flow and voting rights was strongly and negatively correlated with announcement‐period abnormal returns. In addition, the findings suggested a significantly positive moderating effect of institutional ownership. The conclusions were robust under various measures of family control, and remained valid after controlling other influential factors for stock market reactions to innovation announcements.     

销售时信息披露的公平原则与互利原则

本文通过对销售商向消费者披露产品的信息的责任和义务的分析,比较了信息披露道德的公平原则和互利原则.指出了信息披露的伦理要求,应根据各种具体问题的不同适当地在公平原则和互利原则之间定位.     

均布荷载作用下双面组合梁的滑移效应分析

利用基本力学方法对钢．混凝土双面组合梁在均布荷载作用下的滑移效应进行分析，推导得到了负弯矩区上、下交界面滑移沿梁长方向的表达式，并通过算例比较了双面组合梁与传统单面连续组合梁的滑移特点。计算表明，与传统单面连续组合梁相比，钢-混凝土双面组合连续梁不仅在负弯矩区提高了截面承载力，也使截面刚度得到了提高。     

中韩《三都赋》比较

本文运用平行比较研究法 ,从中韩《三都赋》的写作动机、规模、内容、创作方法和风格五方面进行了比较 ,指出了两篇赋的异同之处及其文学价值。     

面向21世纪人才培养的教育观与措施浅谈

本文论述了面向 2 1世纪人才培养的教育观念 ,并阐述了素质教育的途径和措施     

Variability explained by covariates in linear mixed‐effect models for longitudinal data

Variability explained by covariates or explained variance is a well‐known concept in assessing the importance of covariates for dependent outcomes. In this paper we study R² statistics of explained variance pertinent to longitudinal data under linear mixed‐effect models, where the R² statistics are computed at two different levels to measure, respectively, within‐ and between‐subject variabilities explained by the covariates. By deriving the limits of R² statistics, we find that the interpretation of explained variance for the existing R² statistics is clear only in the case where the covariance matrix of the outcome vector is compound symmetric. Two new R² statistics are proposed to address the effect of time‐dependent covariate means. In the general case where the outcome covariance matrix is not compound symmetric, we introduce the concept of compound symmetry projection and use it to define level‐one and level‐two R² statistics. Numerical results are provided to support the theoretical findings and demonstrate the performance of the R² statistics. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 352–368; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada     

柬埔寨对南海争端的态度探析

作为南海争端的"局外人",柬埔寨在2012年担任东盟轮值主席国期间从中国—东盟关系大局出发,坚决抵制了菲律宾、越南用南海问题绑架东盟的战略企图。从2012年的表现来看,柬埔寨在南海争端上奉行不偏不倚的中立政策、不希望南海问题东盟化和国际化、希望争端各方通过和平手段解决争端。柬埔寨对南海争端的态度与其自身的外交传统、中柬双边友好关系、越南曾对柬埔寨造成"受害者"的历史记忆等因素有关。探讨柬埔寨在南海问题上的态度对于解决南海争端具有重要意义。