福建省农村扶贫开发历程及前瞻

福建省农村扶贫开发工作经历了广义扶贫阶段、制度变革扶贫阶段、开发式扶贫阶段、扶贫到户模式阶段,绝对贫困人口数量和贫困发生率大幅下降。进入全面建设小康社会阶段,扶贫战略应进行相应调整。在回顾和总结福建省农村扶贫开发工作历程的基础上,指出农民素质偏低是导致农村贫困的核心因素,人力资本投资不足是制约农民素质提升、解决贫困问题的关键。提出今后的扶贫模式应逐步由从物质投入为主向人力资本投入为重点与核心的方向过渡,通过教育投资提高农民的科学文化素质,通过培训投资使农民依靠农业现代化增收致富、提高非农产业就业的能力,通过健康投资减少因病致贫现象的发生,通过迁移投资完善交通设施、改进就业信息渠道,降级劳动力流动成本。     

新的历史时期民族传统体育文化发展断想

从文化演进的角度描述了民族传统体育曾经的尴尬境遇,认为建设和谐社会和＂十七大＂报告所提出弘扬优秀民族传统文化大背景下,民族传统体育的腾飞出现了历史的发展契机。大力弘扬民族传统体育是建设和谐社会构建和谐体育文化的需要;是重塑文化自尊,提升民族凝聚力和民族自豪感、提升中华民族体育的软实力的需要;是新的历史时期的文化觉醒。弘扬民族传统体育理应成为新时期体育文化建设中的文化自觉,发挥她独具的教化功能和＂和合＂的人文精神是必须把握的精神实质,是新的历史时期弘扬民族传统体育必须把握的基点。     

Making better regulation,making regulation better?

Better Regulation is a re-regulatory strategy that has unfolded in Britain (and, of course, beyond, through Europe and the OECD) across the past decade. This article beings by setting out some quantitative indicators of trends in national and local enforcement in three key areas of protective regulation – food hygiene and food safety, workers’ health and safety, and pollution control – from 2003/2004 to 2012/2013. It then goes on, in its main sections, to detail some of the ways Better Regulation under conditions of austerity has worked through at the level of local enforcement via a case study of four Merseyside Local Authorities; in so doing, it draws principally upon qualitative insights from a series of interviews, as well as data gleaned from a further series of Freedom of Information requests. In so doing, it considers how, on the ground, Better Regulation is made. It concludes that Better Regulation appears less about ‘better’ regulation, more about business-friendly regulation with diminishing law enforcement. There is good reason to suggest that regulatory functions will likely be increasingly re-cast as part of growth initiatives.     

Production Teams and Producing Racial Diversity in Workplace Relationships

Production teams have become a dominant form of work organization as labor markets have become increasingly diverse. This transition likely affects coworker networks—possibly undermining entrenched patterns of workplace segregation. Contact theory suggests that teams can foster network diversity when workers cooperate and share values emphasizing mutual respect. Yet variants of conflict theory, including the critical teams literature, contend that the benefits of teamwork may be eroded by associated factors, including peer discipline, work intensification, and job insecurity. This study uses 2006 General Social Survey data to assess whether and how teamwork affects the racial diversity of worker acquaintance networks, contrasting worker‐ and manager‐directed teams. We find a positive relationship between teams and diversity, but only when teams are worker directed. Despite countervailing tendencies highlighted in the literature, teams foster greater cooperation between workers, which in turn promotes cross‐racial friendships. African Americans tend to receive the greatest diversity payoffs from teams. These findings suggest that teamwork can undermine segregation, though only with certain implementations and with variation across groups.     

Well‐being among employed and non‐employed caregiving women in Taiwan

Chou Y‐C, Kröger T, Chiao C, Pu C‐Y. Well‐being among employed and non‐employed caregiving women in Taiwan This study addressed various groups of non‐employed/employed and non‐caring/caring women in Taiwan. Data from the 2006 National Taiwanese Women Survey (at age 16–64, n= 6,017) were analysed to determine whether there are differences in terms of well‐being, as measured by self‐rated health and family life satisfaction, between women who work and/or care and between different carer groups. Other factors associated with well‐being of carers of young children (n= 1,697) were also analysed. The results showed that non‐employed carers of disabled adults stood out as the most disadvantaged group. However, the importance of work has been replaced by support among carers of young children. This study suggests that unpaid carers, particularly carers of disabled adults who are non‐employed, ought to be supported by policies. To improve carers' well‐being, care–work reconciliation among working‐age women needs to be included in the future care scheme in Taiwan.     

基于面板数据CFaR模型的现金流风险研究 ——以中国上市公司为例的考虑风险因子分布特征的实证分析

为度量中国上市公司经营活动面临的现金流风险,放弃风险因子服从正态分布的假设,从内外两方面识别和拟合现金流风险因子,构建一个面板数据现金流风险(CFaR)模型.基于该模型的实证结果表明,上市公司的经营活动现金流不仅受到内部财务因素的影响,同时还受到宏观经济等外部因素的影响,且大部分的现金流影响因子不服从正态分布.上市公司面临的现金流风险总体而言较大,行业之间存在明显差距,其中风险值最大的是建筑业,最小的是交通运输及仓储业:风险程度最大的是房地产业,最小的是采掘业.此外,上市公司现金流风险表现出较为明显的行业聚类特征,处于同一类别的行业的现金流状况具有一定的相关性特征.     

从兴民权到开民智——梁启超的两次湖南之行

梁启超在1897年放弃上海《时务报》的工作前往湖南,是从时局的角度出发,抱有推动湖南独立维新实验的目的,但是在时务学堂时期,他逐步由政治上的争独立、兴民权的理想,转入教育领域开启民智的实践,并培养了唐才常、蔡锷在内的一大批新式人才.1922年,梁启超作为联省自治理论的提倡者再次来到湖南,在长沙的几场演讲却多涉及新文化运动和国民性问题,继续为近现代湖南的民智启蒙做出努力.     

Dual effects of ‘losses disguised as wins’ and near-misses in a slot machine game

Individually, both near-misses and losses disguised as wins (LDWs) have been seen to exert pro-motivational effects on gambling. However, it is not clear whether both structural characteristics are effective within the same game. Participants (n = 40) played a slot machine simulation. The simulation delivered near-misses, wins and ‘full-misses’. Half the participants also received LDWs that occurred independently of the outcomes on the payline. Valence and motivation ratings were collected after each round. Results showed that the LDW group reported increased valence ratings compared to the no-LDW group. Within the LDW group, trials with LDWs also resulted in increased enjoyment compared to trials without LDWs. We distinguished near-misses falling either side of the payline. Near-misses before the payline (NMB) were rated as more motivational than near-misses after the payline (NMA), whereas NMAs were rated as more aversive than NMBs. These differences between the two near-miss types were exacerbated by LDWs. Results demonstrate LDWs increase the trial-by-trial enjoyment of non-win outcomes. The motivational and hedonic effects of near-misses differed for events either side of the payline, and these differences were exaggerated by the presence of LDWs. Thus, near-misses can retain their effectiveness in complex forms of gambling that also deliver LDWs.     

The photo‐survey research method: capturing life in the city

Recent promotion of city centre living within UK policy has led to a commensurate interest in city centre conditions and the opinions and experiences of the people who live there. An apposite, straightforward method to capture city centre residents' experiences and views is described in this article. We successfully combined a novel, under‐utilized visual technique (self‐directed photography) with qualitative methods (log‐sheets and interviews) in the form of a ‘photo‐survey’. A background to visual methodologies is presented in this article, alongside a critique of using the photo‐survey with 84 city centre residents to investigate environmental conditions and perceptions within three of the UK's major cities. The method provided a rich, detailed set of data, but also brought a number of noticeable benefits to the data collection process. The photo‐survey not only effectively captured and documented life in the city but also acted as an ‘agent for change’, evoking thoughts and feelings which ultimately encouraged participants to reflect on their existing perceptions and urban experiences. The study also raises some important considerations for future work undertaken with this method and with using photographs as a set of data, and proposes techniques for minimising potential problems.