“9·11”以来南海通道的安全形势及其影响

"9·11"以来南海通道的安全形势不容乐观,海上袭击比以往更有组织性和协调性,东南亚水域的海盗、有组织犯罪和潜在的海上恐怖主义三股势力存在着合流的可能,南海周边地区存在的武装分离主义运动与恐怖组织的联系越来越密切。美、日、印等区外大国纷纷藉此插足南海,东南亚国家在南海及其周边水域的海上安全合作方面对中国存在着矛盾的心理。     

Packing <Emphasis Type="Bold">[1, Δ]</Emphasis>-factors in graphs of small degree

Given an undirected, connected graph G with maximum degree Δ, we introduce the concept of a [1, Δ]-factor k-packing in G, defined as a set of k edge-disjoint subgraphs of G such that every vertex of G has an incident edge in at least one subgraph. The problem of deciding whether a graph admits a [1,Δ]-factor k-packing is shown to be solvable in linear time for k = 2, but NP-complete for all k≥ 3. For k = 2, the optimisation problem of minimising the total number of edges of the subgraphs of the packing is NP-hard even when restricted to subcubic planar graphs, but can in general be approximated within a factor of by reduction to the Maximum 2-Edge-Colorable Subgraph problem. Finally, we discuss implications of the obtained results for the problem of fault-tolerant guarding of a grid, which provides the main motivation for research.     

程序法对实体法的保障作用新释

程序法对实体法的保障作用不仅体现在诉讼过程中,而且也存在于诉讼之外的场合。在诉讼中,程序法为实体权利的实现提供了切实可行的程序保障;在诉讼之外的场合,程序法通过发挥其潜在的强制、威慑功能,保障着实体法的实施。程序法在诉讼之外的场合所具有的潜在的强制、威慑功能是由法律本身所具有的诱导、强制功能所决定的。在我国,程序法在诉讼之外的场合对实体法的保障功能没有充分发挥出来,应通过建立严格的诉讼程序和执行保障制度来实现程序法潜在的强制和威慑功能。     

Exploration of the Factorial Structure of the Revised Personal Functions of the Volunteerism Scale for Chinese Adolescents

Participation in volunteer services can be regarded as an indicator of quality of life among adolescents. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) has long been used to assess the underlying motives of volunteers. Owing to conceptual, methodological and empirical limitations, the VFI could not be fully endorsed to understand Chinese adolescent volunteerism. Another scale was devised, called the Revised Personal Functions of the Volunteerism Scale (R-PFVS). This study focused on the exploration of the factorial structure of the R-PFVS. The R-PFVS was administered to a large sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 5, 946). Data were split into two halves: one for exploratory factor analysis and the other for confirmatory factor analysis. The scale showed good factorial validity. Seven factors were revealed, namely, well-being, learning, socializing, pro-social competence, altruistic concern, future plan, and civic responsibility functions. The factors were highly correlated with each other. A second-order factor model was established, and all seven factors were loaded on this higher-order abstract factor. The R-PFVS subscales and the overall scale demonstrated good internal consistency. The findings were compared with the VFI. The R-PFVS can be used in assessing the underlying motives behind volunteerism among Chinese adolescents and in studies on the quality of life.     

生育率最优路径、劳动力供给转型与经济增长

通过内生化劳动力和人力资本,以Q-Q理论为基础,根据生育率在劳动力供给和人力资本积累中的联动关系以及劳动力供给转型规律,利用动态最优控制原理,解释了殖民解放以来发展中国家先上升后下降的人口再生产过程及经济效应。结果表明:生育率的最优路径呈倒U型;整个路径存在两个鞍点均衡,只有当人力资本积累跨越某个门槛值时,第一个鞍点均衡才能过渡到另一个鞍点均衡;均衡的产出水平与劳动力折旧率成正比,与人力资本折旧率成反比。     

两宋时期留居杭州的穆斯林蕃商胡贾

宋代是中国与阿拉伯地区关系较为密切的时期.这时杭州经济繁荣,海上贸易兴盛,被称为"东南第一州".大食等地穆斯林使节、商旅因此进入杭州贸易者日益增多.他们中有从海道东航而来的,也有自传统陆路贡道由北南下的.至南宋建都杭州,大食诸国蕃客前来入贡觐见、互市贸易者,更是络绎不绝.他们居于杭城"蕃坊"内,有着较高的社会地位,过着富足的生活,伊斯兰教信仰是其社会生活的一部分.而随着其在华法律地位的确立及礼拜寺院的兴建,伊斯兰教乃亦得以在杭州传播.     

Generalized confidence intervals for the process capability indices in general random effect model with balanced data

In this paper, we consider the interval estimation problem on the process capability indices in general random effect model with balanced data. The confidence intervals for three commonly used process capability indices are developed by using the concept of generalized confidence interval. Furthermore, some simulation results on the coverage probability and expected value of the generalized lower confidence limits are reported. The simulation results indicate that the proposed confidence intervals do provide quite satisfactory coverage probabilities.     

“Heaven”and “Man”under the Reconstitution of the Confucianism —— from “Heaven and Man Being Related”to “Heaven and Man Being in One”

Through analysis of the relationship between heaven and man and the development of the ideology in the developing process from the pre- Qin Confucianism, the cosmology Confucianism of the Han Dynasty to the formation of the Confucian School of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties, this paper attempts to explore the Confucianism ideology from social structure, cultural integration and environmental change and so on, so as to points out that Confucianism does not collapse with the disintegration of the social structure; instead,it realizes self- reconstruction and renovation.     

Effects of human-related disturbance on breeding success of urban and non-urban blue tits (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyanistes caeruleus</Emphasis>)

There is a need to study the effects of urbanization on wildlife in order to understand the ecological implications of increasing urbanization and find out how to reduce its threats to biodiversity. The blue tit evolved as a forest species and prefers deciduous and mixed forests, whereas its nesting in urban habitats is a more recent phenomenon. Our long-term study of blue tit populations has been conducted in two habitats: an urban parkland (frequently visited by people) and a deciduous forest outside of the city. Using linear mixed modeling, we revealed that a relationship of blue tit breeding success (and the number of fledglings) with thermal conditions in May differed between the urban parkland and the forest. While the relationship was positive in the forest, it was negative in the parkland. In addition, breeding success in the parkland increased with increasing number of rainy days in May. We argue that the main possible reason for such patterns is human activity in the parkland, which interferes with tit parental care, especially the regular feeding of nestlings, whereas it is evidently associated with weather conditions. Human disturbance in the forest is likely to be negligible.