确权和调整化解了农地纠纷吗?——基于7省村级层面数据的实证分析

基于2015年对全国东、中、西部7省190个村庄的调查数据,运用负二项回归模型实证分析了新一轮土地确权及土地调整对农村土地纠纷的影响。研究表明:(1)土地确权在明晰农地产权、赋予农民权能的同时,也显化了农村长久以来的历史遗留问题,激发农民解决各种土地权属争议的诉求,引发矛盾与纠纷;(2)土地调整虽在一定程度上缓解了村庄人地资源配置不均的矛盾,但带来的农地产权不稳定也易引发利益、权属等纠纷;(3)村庄的纠纷调处能力对土地纠纷有明显的抑制作用,人均耕地资源越多、户主平均年龄越高发生土地纠纷的可能性越高,位于中、西部地区的村庄土地纠纷发生的概率显著高于东部。由此提出政策建议:第一,鉴于土地确权有激发纠纷的风险,各地在确权过程中应有效规避风险:一方面不搞“一刀切”,因地制宜科学合理地确定确权时点,另一方面在土地关系复杂、矛盾较多、确地难度大的地区,尝试探索“确权确股不确地”模式。第二,保障农村地权稳定,落实土地承包关系长久不变,同时加强政策宣传,提高村干部和农民维法意识。第三,构建多元化农地纠纷解决机制,提高各方应对和调处纠纷的能力,及时根除纠纷隐患。     

探索不同经济情况下的村民自治有效实现形式——从村民自治“权力—资源”视角进行考察

不同区域经济发展的不平衡,导致村民自治发展的不平衡.村庄分化是经济发展不平衡的主要表现形式.在村民自治实践过程中,需要根据不同村庄经济发展情况,探索乡村治理有效路径.富裕村多采取分配型治理,而贫困村则采用项目型治理,为避免现实乡村治理主体缺位的现状,倡导由能人权威型治理转变为法治权威型治理.同时,不同经济情况下,村民自治可以采用以产权形式、以活动或项目为载体的形式来有效实现.     

大数据背景下地方高校学科建设的困境与对策

地方高校学科建设是其科学研究、人才培养、社会服务职能实现的基础和载体,更是其质量、特色和优势显现的决定性因素.大数据技术在为地方高校学科建设提升其数据采集和分析能力,以及对数据的专业化分析处理能力方面具有十分强大的作用.在大数据时代到来的大背景下,地方高校学科建设工作的发展需要借助于大数据的专业化信息采集、分析和处理能力,解决学科建设在学科定位、学科结构、学术队伍、基地建设以及科研成果等方面存在的不足,谋求科学、持续的发展.     

学术写作的互动式话语策略

学术写作并非完全机械化,也并非全盘避免作者主观情感的介入。学术作者使用多种话语策略来宣传其观点和立场,营造和谐对话空间,与读者形成良好互动,从而引导读者接受所述命题观点。基于学术语篇互动模型,分别从模糊语策略、作者身份构建方式以及作者与读者的隐性互动三个方面来阐释学术写作中的互动式话语策略。研究表明,每个学科都有其偏好的写作模式,教师应引导学生关注所属学科的语言范式,培养学生的读者意识,并在学术写作中采用积极有效、易于被读者接受的互动策略有力发声,推进研究。     

以现代服务业推动龙城经济快速发展

龙城区1984年建区,2009年初,朝阳市委、市政府在龙城区和开发区基础上组建了龙城新区(朝阳市西部产业新区)。新区总面积704.2平方公里,其中核心区100平方公里,起步区60平方公里;总人口23万,其中农业人口15.35万;耕地面积30万亩。新区下辖5个园区、6个乡镇、6个街道,18个社区、69个行政村。     

Moment‐Independent Sensitivity Analysis Using Copula

In risk assessment, the moment‐independent sensitivity analysis (SA) technique for reducing the model uncertainty has attracted a great deal of attention from analysts and practitioners. It aims at measuring the relative importance of an individual input, or a set of inputs, in determining the uncertainty of model output by looking at the entire distribution range of model output. In this article, along the lines of Plischke et al., we point out that the original moment‐independent SA index (also called delta index) can also be interpreted as the dependence measure between model output and input variables, and introduce another moment‐independent SA index (called extended delta index) based on copula. Then, nonparametric methods for estimating the delta and extended delta indices are proposed. Both methods need only a set of samples to compute all the indices; thus, they conquer the problem of the “curse of dimensionality.” At last, an analytical test example, a risk assessment model, and the levelE model are employed for comparing the delta and the extended delta indices and testing the two calculation methods. Results show that the delta and the extended delta indices produce the same importance ranking in these three test examples. It is also shown that these two proposed calculation methods dramatically reduce the computational burden.     

铁路事故调查法律制度的建构及反思

《现代汉语词典》将"事故"解释为"意外的损失或灾祸",①事故风险可以被削减,但很难被消除。2011年7月23日,在甬温线浙江省温州市境内,由北京南站开往福州站的D301次列车与杭州站开往福州南站的D3115次列车发生动车组列车追尾事故,造成40人死亡、172人受伤。笔者在此试图探讨,在7.23动车事故调查过程     

Quadratic Approximation via the SCAD Penalty with a Diverging Number of Parameters

The high-dimensional data arises in diverse fields of sciences, engineering and humanities. Variable selection plays an important role in dealing with high dimensional statistical modelling. In this article, we study the variable selection of quadratic approximation via the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty with a diverging number of parameters. We provide a unified method to select variables and estimate parameters for various of high dimensional models. Under appropriate conditions and with a proper regularization parameter, we show that the estimator has consistency and sparsity, and the estimators of nonzero coefficients enjoy the asymptotic normality as they would have if the zero coefficients were known in advance. In addition, under some mild conditions, we can obtain the global solution of the penalized objective function with the SCAD penalty. Numerical studies and a real data analysis are carried out to confirm the performance of the proposed method.     

近代中国铁路货等运价制度变迁初探(1915—1937)

由于货等运价制度直接与铁路营业收入挂钩,因此成为铁路运营管理制度的核心内容之一。1915年之后,在交通部(铁道部)和各铁路管理局(监督局)的共同努力下,以货物分等、递远递减、普通货物基本运价、专价和特价制度为主要内容的铁路货等运价制度逐渐走向统一。尽管这一过程在1937年前并未最终完成,但其变迁仍然对铁路运输业和沿线部分城镇的发展产生了重要的影响。     

Do resources of network members help in help seeking? Social capital and health information search

Does social capital as resources of network members affect health information search? Analyzing data from the 2004 General Social Survey in the United States, this study measures two social capital indicators (average education of network members and proportion of network members with a high school degree or higher) using the name generator. Most results are consistent using those two indicators. Both indicators are positively associated with frequency of health information seeking and seekers’ frequency of use of two sources (friends or relatives and the Internet). Also average education of network members is positively associated with seekers’ diversity of used sources and frequency of consultation with medical professionals. But neither indicator is associated with seekers’ frequency of use of other four sources (health-related magazines or newsletters, general magazines, daily newspapers, and radio or television programs). The findings demonstrate the theoretical utility of social capital in the social dynamics of medical help-seeking.