执法服务质量体系构建研究

在我国 ,公共管理是一个较新的课题 ,如何运用质量管理理论研究警察组织管理问题 ,提高执法质量 ,是一个非常重要并有待深入研究的问题。由于主流的警学研究界中尚未广泛开展相关的研究成果 ,有关的概念基础极其匮乏。论文从执法活动的业务分析入手 ,建立警务质量管理的相关概念 ,策划警务质量管理框架 ,为大幅度地改善我国的警务执法质量夯实理论基础     

大学生德育现代化浅论

社会转型时期,对大学生的道德教育应当确立以人为本的现代德育思想和三维统一的现代德育目标,建构以核心价值观为重点的现代德育内容体系,并力争在德育方法与手段上实现突破性创新,非此不能扭转大学德育之颓势.     

返本归真:重读马克思哲学的重要启示

马克思哲学基础理论中的比较重要的问题需要我们重新审视和探讨,如如何以一种政治哲学的崭新视阈重新解读马克思哲学;科学社会主义诞生与唯物史观的形成是否是一体化的过程;怎样在静态和动态的结合中准确地把握共产主义思想,以此来纠正对于共产主义理解的偏颇之处。通过对这些问题的探讨,希冀能够对理论界的深入研究有所助益。     

试析知识产权案件审理的公正性

知识产权案件一般涉及合同案件和侵权案件两部分,其中,合同案件中争议条款的内容及解释、合同履行中的违约责任、合同解除及其后果处理以及侵权案件中权属的确认、侵权的事实及损害赔偿额的计算是审理的要件及难点。较之一般侵权案件和合同案件,知识产权案件的审理结果更易受到社会的关注。但从结果看,不满意的声音常有之。为了实现知识产权案件审理的公正性,既要严格举证责任分配原则,又要适当平衡双方利益。公正是对权利人的保护,也是对使用人的规范,公正的力量应着眼于让侵权人主动停止侵权。法律不是当事人逃避责任的工具,公正的目的在于善意理解法律,最大限度地兼顾公平、化解矛盾。     

Understanding Public Perceptions of Benefits and Risks of Childhood Vaccinations in the United States

In the face of a growing public health concern accompanying the reemerging threat of preventable diseases, this research seeks mainly to explain variations in the perceived benefits and risks of vaccinations among the general public in the United States. As Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky's grid‐group cultural theory of risk perception claims, the analytical results based upon original data from a nationwide Internet survey of 1,213 American adults conducted in 2010 suggest that individuals’ cultural predispositions contribute to the formation of their perceptions pertaining to vaccine benefits and risks at both societal and individual levels, in conjunction with other factors suggested by previous risk perception literature, such as perceived prevalence of diseases, trust, knowledge level, and demographic characteristics. Those with a strong hierarch orientation tend to envision greater benefits and lesser risks and conceive of a relatively high ratio of benefit to risk when compared to other cultural types. By contrast, those with a strong fatalist tendency are inclined to emphasize risks and downplay benefits while conceiving of a low vaccination benefit‐risk ratio. Situated between hierarchs and fatalists, strong egalitarians are prone to perceive greater benefits, smaller risks, and a more positive benefit‐risk ratio than strong individualists.     

Building Supply Chain Resilience through Virtual Stockpile Pooling

Stockpiling inventory is an essential strategy for building supply chain resilience. It enables firms to continue operating while finding a solution to an unexpected event that causes a supply disruption or demand surge. While extremely valuable when actually deployed, stockpiles incur large holding costs and usually provide no benefits until such a time. To help to reduce this cost, this study presents a new approach for managing stockpiles. We show that if leveraged intelligently, stockpiles can also help an organization better meet its own regular demand by enabling a type of virtual pooling we call virtual stockpile pooling (VSP). The idea of VSP is to first integrate the stockpile into several locations’ regular inventory buffers and then dynamically reallocate the stockpile among these locations in reaction to the demand realizations to achieve a kind of virtual transshipment. To study how to execute VSP and determine when it can provide the most value, we formulate a stylized multi‐location stochastic inventory model and solve for the optimal stockpile allocation and inventory order policies. We show that VSP can provide significant cost savings: in some cases nearly the full holding cost of the stockpile (i.e., VSP effectively maintains the stockpile for free), in other cases nearly the savings of traditional physical inventory pooling. Last, our results prescribe implementing VSP with many locations for large stockpiles, but only a few locations for small stockpiles.     

Distributionally Robust Optimization of Two‐Stage Lot‐Sizing Problems

This paper studies two‐stage lot‐sizing problems with uncertain demand, where lost sales, backlogging and no backlogging are all considered. To handle the ambiguity in the probability distribution of demand, distributionally robust models are established only based on mean‐covariance information about the distribution. Based on shortest path reformulations of lot‐sizing problems, we prove that robust solutions can be obtained by solving mixed 0‐1 conic quadratic programs (CQPs) with mean‐risk objective functions. An exact parametric optimization method is proposed by further reformulating the mixed 0‐1 CQPs as single‐parameter quadratic shortest path problems. Rather than enumerating all potential values of the parameter, which may be the super‐polynomial in the number of decision variables, we propose a branch‐and‐bound‐based interval search method to find the optimal parameter value. Polynomial time algorithms for parametric subproblems with both uncorrelated and partially correlated demand distributions are proposed. Computational results show that the proposed models greatly reduce the system cost variation at the cost of a relative smaller increase in expected system cost, and the proposed parametric optimization method is much more efficient than the CPLEX solver.     

Equilibrium Joining Strategies and Optimal Control of a Make‐to‐Stock Queue

We consider a make‐to‐stock, finite‐capacity production system with setup cost and delay‐sensitive customers. To balance the setup and inventory related costs, the production manager adopts a two‐critical‐number control policy, where the production starts when the number of waiting customers reaches a certain level and shuts down when a certain quantity of inventory has accumulated. Once the production is set up, the unit production time follows an exponential distribution. Potential customers arrive according to a Poisson process. Customers are strategic, i.e., they make decisions on whether to stay for the product or to leave without purchase based on their utility values, which depend on the production manager's control decisions. We formulate the problem as a Stackelberg game between the production manager and the customers, where the former is the game leader. We first derive the equilibrium customer purchasing strategy and system performance. We then formulate the expected cost rate function for the production system and present a search algorithm for obtaining the optimal values of the two control variables. We further analyze the characteristics of the optimal solution numerically and compare them with the situation where the customers are non‐strategic.     

农村计划生育社会保障机制建设的探讨——以江苏省溧阳市为例

本文结合江苏溧阳市计划生育社会保障机制建设的主要做法及面临的困境与挑战,提出了计划生育社会保障机制发展的基本思路与对策:必须整合计划生育社会保障制度的基本内容、突出计划生育社会保障制度的重点;计划生育社会保障机制必须更好地融合到社会保障体系中去,实现计划生育社会保障机制的良性循环。     

中国的独生子女与独生子女户

近几十年来 ,中国的“独生子女”与“独生子女户”成为与计划生育政策有关的一代特殊人口与一类特别家庭。对二者界定的不同标准造成了对其规模估计的分歧和深入研究的困难。根据 2 0 0 0年第五次人口普查数据 ,估算出我国现有独生子女数量约为 90 0 0万 ,其中城市独生子女的数量远远高于农村。独生子女之间彼此婚配 ,有可能会形成广受关注的“四二一”家庭。研究显示 ,大城市中独生子女间的婚配概率似乎更高一些 ,但对于全国并不具有普遍意义。由于严格意义的“四二一”家庭的出现取决于多种因素 ,其大规模出现的可能性并不大。对“独生子女”以及“独生子女户”的关注 ,主要来源于对“独生子女”养老能力的质疑和对“独生子女户”养老需求获取满足的前景的担忧。国家目前正在通过“农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度”等措施帮助“独生子女户”逐步消除后顾之忧