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151.
Viren Swami Stefan Stieger Martin Voracek Stefan G. Dressler Laura Eisma Adrian Furnham 《Social indicators research》2009,93(2):393-406
The Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) has recently been developed as a more complete measure for the assessment of molar subjective
happiness. In the present study, we report on the translation and validation of German and Tagalog versions of the SHS and
conduct an initial cross-cultural examination of subjective happiness. In Study 1, 960 participants in Austria completed a
German version of the SHS, which showed a unidimensional structure, good internal consistency, and good convergent validity
with other measures of subjective well-being. In Study 2, 182 participants in the Philippines completed a Tagalog version
of the scale, which likewise had a unidimensional structure, high internal consistency, and good convergent validity. Finally,
the results of Study 3 indicate that there were significant cross-cultural differences in subjective happiness. Specifically,
participants in individualist Austria and Britain had higher SHS scores than their counterparts in collectivist Malaysia and
the Philippines. Limitations of these studies are discussed. 相似文献
152.
Jeannette Oostlander Stefan T. Güntert Theo Wehner 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2014,25(6):1368-1387
This study examines the development of volunteer satisfaction within the framework of self-determination theory (SDT). Therewith, autonomy-supportive leadership—as an influential part of the organizational context—is studied as an antecedent of volunteer satisfaction. The hypothesized model suggests that the link between autonomy-supportive leadership and volunteer satisfaction is serially mediated by general need satisfaction and autonomous motivation. Volunteers (N = 113) working closely together with their supervisors completed a paper-based questionnaire. As predicted, both general need satisfaction and autonomous motivation serially mediated the link between autonomy-supportive leadership and volunteer satisfaction. The results indicate that autonomy-supportive leadership is an important factor of the organizational context, increasing both volunteers’ autonomous motivation and satisfaction. Practical implications for volunteering organizations, as well as implications for further research, are discussed. 相似文献
153.
154.
155.
Anders Linde Ingela Rådestad Karin Pettersson Linn Hagelberg Susanne Georgsson 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(5):376-381
Background
Experience of reduced fetal movements is a common reason for consulting health care in late pregnancy. There is an association between reduced fetal movements and stillbirth.Aim
To explore why women decide to consult health care due to reduced fetal movements at a specific point in time and investigate reasons for delaying a consultation.Methods
A questionnaire was distributed at all birth clinics in Stockholm during 2014, to women seeking care due to reduced fetal movements. In total, 3555 questionnaires were collected, 960 were included in this study. The open-ended question; “Why, specifically, do you come to the clinic today?” was analyzed using content analysis as well as the complementary question “Are there any reasons why you did not come to the clinic earlier?”Results
Five categories were revealed: Reaching dead line, Receiving advice from health care professionals, Undergoing unmanageable worry, Contributing external factors and Not wanting to jeopardize the health of the baby. Many women stated that they decided to consult care when some time with reduced fetal movements had passed. The most common reason for not consulting care earlier was that it was a new experience. Some women stated that they did not want to feel that they were annoying, or be perceived as excessively worried. Not wanting to burden health care unnecessarily was a reason for prehospital delay.Conclusion
Worry about the baby is the crucial reason for consulting care as well as the time which has passed since the women first experienced decreased fetal movements. 相似文献156.
Soil-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide,methane and nitrous oxide in urban garden systems: impact of irrigation,fertiliser and mulch 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Stephen J. Livesley Ben J. Dougherty Alison J. Smith Damian Navaud Luke J. Wylie Stefan K. Arndt 《Urban Ecosystems》2010,13(3):273-293
Urban green spaces provide important ecosystem services, such as amenity, biodiversity, productivity, climate amelioration,
hydrological and biogeochemical cycling. Intensively managed urban gardens can sequester carbon through vegetation growth
and soil C increase, but may experience nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and reduced soil methane (CH4) uptake from irrigation and fertiliser use. Soil atmosphere exchange of N2O, CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured in lawn and wood chip mulched garden areas in Melbourne, Australia in winter, spring and summer under various
water and fertiliser regimes. Gas exchange before and after lawn fertiliser application was measured continuously for three
weeks using an automated chamber system. Applying fertiliser led to a peak N2O emission of >60 μg N m−2 h−1, but overall only weekly irrigation (10 mm) significantly increased mean soil N2O emissions above that in other treatments. Under mulch, mean soil N2O emissions (14.0 μg N m−2 h−1) were significantly smaller than from irrigated lawn (27.9 μg N m−2 h−1), whereas mean soil CH4 uptake under mulch (−30.7 μg C m−2 h−1) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than in any lawn treatment. Lawns were either a weak CH4 sink or source. Soil C density (0–25 cm) under mulch (12.5 kg C m−2) was greater that under lawn (8.0 kg C m−2). On a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) basis, soil N2O emissions offset the benefits of soil CH4 uptake. Mulched garden areas provide greatest C sequestration potential in soil and vegetation and the smallest non-CO2 emissions, as soil CH4 uptake offsets a large fraction of soil N2O emissions. Results of this study suggest that reducing the irrigation and fertiliser application to lawns can help mitigate
GHG emissions from urban garden systems, and increasing the area of mulched perennial garden beds can also provide net GHG
benefits; however, this needs to be tested in other garden systems with different soil types and environmental conditions. 相似文献
157.
158.
Stefan T. Trautmann 《Theory and Decision》2010,68(4):405-415
Fairness can be incorporated into Harsanyi’s utilitarianism through all-inclusive utility. This retains the normative assumptions of expected utility and Pareto-efficiency, and relates fairness to individual preferences. It makes utilitarianism unfalsifiable, however, if agents’ all-inclusive utilities are not explicitly specified. This note proposes a two-stage model to make utilitarian welfare analysis falsifiable by specifying all-inclusive utilities explicitly through models of individual fairness preferences. The approach is applied to include fairness in widely discussed allocation examples. 相似文献
159.
Anna Hollander Maritha Jacobsson Stefan Sjöström 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2007,16(4):373-381
The aim of this article is to analyse the role of the legal representative in therapeutic law, specifically in Swedish administrative court hearings relating to compulsory care. Data are collected from three types of cases where a health or social welfare authority argues that it is necessary to apply coercion to a citizen: the Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act, the Care of Alcohol and Drug Abusers (Special Provisions) Act and the Compulsory Psychiatric Care Act. The data consist of audio-recordings from 39 hearings, supplemented by 28 interviews with participants in these hearings, and court documents. Three primary roles of the legal representatives are identified: defender, spokesperson and therapist. We show how the primary role of the attorney becomes that of the spokesperson, but also that the role of the therapist takes precedence over that of the defender. 相似文献
160.
Received: January 11, 2000; revised version: August 23, 2000 相似文献