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91.
Ensuring good soil quality is essential to promoting plant growth in urban parks and building ecological resilience into a
cityscape. Periodically used to restore a degraded urban ecosystem, parkland naturalization is a management approach designed
to facilitate the return of an area to a natural state by largely discontinuing maintenance activities and restricting public
access. This study investigates the potential for parkland naturalization to improve soil quality in a forested portion of
Kew Gardens Park, Toronto, Canada by comparing soil physical properties in three six-year-old naturalization enclosures with
those found in adjacent managed parkland. Soil texture, compaction, bulk density, and surface water infiltration rate were
measured at 104 sample sites, while ordinary kriging was used to interpolate two-dimensional prediction surfaces representative
of soil properties. Sand and loamy sand were the dominant soil texture classes found across the study site. Highly compacted
soil (>2,000 kPa) and soil with a bulk density >1.8 Mg/m3 (values sufficiently elevated to restrict tree root growth and respiration and impair soil water infiltration) were spatially
correlated with high pedestrian traffic areas and corridors used by festival and park maintenance vehicles. In contrast, compaction
and bulk density measurements in the naturalized areas were at or below thresholds known to impair root function ([`(X)] {{\overline{X}}} at 10 and 30 cm depth: 849 and 1,311 kPa, 1.15 and 1.51 Mg/m3, respectively). Similarly, water infiltration rates were rapid ( [`(X)] = 470mm/hr ) \left( {{{\overline{X}}} = {47}0{\hbox{mm}}/{\hbox{hr}}} \right) within the naturalization enclosures but retarded to the point of surface pooling in parkland subjected to regular public
use. In the absence of quantitative baseline data, our use of spatial analysis demonstrates that parkland naturalization is
a good management practice for restoration of soil physical characteristics. While our results show improvements to soil properties
in a relatively short period of time, variability in the soil response rate to parkland naturalization will be dependent upon
disturbance history as well as on soil and climate type. 相似文献
92.
Suzanne Perea Burns Noralyn Davel Pickens Roger O. Smith 《Journal of Housing for the Elderly》2017,31(3):213-228
We investigated the complex reasoning processes of professional home evaluators involved with home safety assessments. Twenty evaluators with varied professional training engaged in in-depth qualitative interviews. Two primary themes emerged: integrating expertise and tailoring interventions. Within these themes, evaluators expressed differences and similarities in how they obtained information, developed interventions, and addressed professional-client interactive reasoning as they identified needs. We propose an adapted ecological model to describe best practices for personalizing home modifications through an interprofessional lens. Differences among professional home evaluators reveal unique, yet overlapping reasoning processes. Interprofessional teams may better meet the holistic needs of home modification consumers. 相似文献
93.
94.
Introduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Qualitative Sociology - 相似文献
95.
Educational level is strongly associated with age of first intercourse and risk of unintended pregnancies. This study examined these associations in a large representative sample of Dutch adolescents and also included associations of educational level with other sexual health aspects. Adolescents aged 12 to 25 (3,926 boys and 3,915 girls) completed an online questionnaire that included measures of romantic and sexual experience; the evaluation of their sexual debut; the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy; and sexual attitudes, satisfaction, self-efficacy, knowledge, victimization, and functioning. The results showed that adolescents on a vocational track or who completed fewer years of education were more at risk of several adverse sexual health outcomes than adolescents on an academic track. They had their first sexual experiences at an earlier age; evaluated these experiences less favorably; had less sexual health knowledge and fewer refusal skills; and had a higher risk of unintended pregnancy, STIs, and victimization. Possible explanations for these consistent differences are discussed. Sex education and services should pay specific and targeted attention to less educated young people and tailor their efforts specifically to the needs, characteristics, and realities of this group. 相似文献
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98.
The proliferation of dual-income families has led to the prevalence of grandparents providing child care in Singapore. The Chinese culture and values have tasked grandparents to fill the role of providing child care while mothers seek employment. Literature on grandparents providing informal care posits this situation to be a rewarding experience and a protective factor for grandparents’ stability in old age. This study uses the Social Relational Theory framework to examine the experiences of Chinese grandparents who provide care for dual-income families in Singapore. In-depth interviews were conducted to understand the experiences of the grandparents and common themes guided by the framework. Through the exploration of the narratives of grandparents, this study sieves out the issues they face in the Singaporean context and analyzes the motivations that spur grandparents to provide care for their grandchildren. Despite informal caregiving being positively framed in many studies, this study found that grandparents also faced a variety of challenges. Chinese grandparents were bound to the caregiving roles by cultural and familial obligations despite the high costs associated with providing care. 相似文献
99.
Cultural competency has been a long held ideal for social work educators and practitioners. However, definitions and approaches to cultural competency vary widely depending on worldview, discipline, and practice context. Within social work and beyond, cultural competency has been challenged for its failure to account for the structural forces that shape individuals' experiences and opportunities. In contrast, the concept ofcultural humility takes into account the fluidity of culture and challenges both individuals and institutions to address inequalities. This article takes a critical look at cultural competence as a concept, examining its explicit and implicit assumptions, and the impact these assumptions have on practitioners. It suggests that cultural humility may offer social work an alternative framework as it acknowledges power differentials between provider and client and challenges institutional-level barriers. The authors advocate a move from a focus on mastery in understanding ‘others’ to a framework that requires personal accountability in challenging institutional barriers that impact marginalized communities. Cultural humility, while a promising concept, has not been fully explored in social work. Therefore, the authors present a conceptual model of cultural competency along with strategic questions for providers and organizations to integrate into social work practice and education. 相似文献
100.
Rashmi Gangamma Suzanne Bartle‐Haring Eugene Holowacz Erica E. Hartwell Tatiana Glebova 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2015,41(3):354-366
The purpose of this study was to examine depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction as problems related to relational ethics in one's family of origin and current partner relationships in a sample of 68 other‐sex couples seeking therapy at a large university clinic. We used the Actor Partner Interdependence Model to analyze dyadic data collected prior to beginning therapy. Specifically, we found significant actor effects between relational ethics in one's family of origin and depressive symptoms, as well as between depressive symptoms and low relationship satisfaction for both male and female partners. We also found significant partner effects for relational ethics in current partner relationship, depressive symptoms, and low relationship satisfaction. Clinical application of contextual therapy theory is discussed. 相似文献