Utility functions that lead to the likelihood ratio as a relative model performance measure

In this paper, we adopt the point of view of a decision-maker who evaluates a probabilistic model based on the test-sample averaged utility of the expected-utility optimal strategy that the model suggests in a horse race setting. After briefly reviewing the basic properties of the resulting performance measure for probabilistic models, we show that such a measure ranks two models according to their likelihood ratio if and only if the performance measure is based on a generalized logarithmic utility function. Thus, we provide a new decision theoretic motivation of the likelihood ratio as a model performance measure.     

Muscle pain and coping with working life in Norway: A review

This paper reviews ongoing research initiated by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and Humanities aimed at improving Health and Living Conditions (HEMIL). Attempts to classify muscle pain states are reviewed, and the pathophysiology and psychophysiology of the condition are evaluated. The psychological aspects are emphasized, in particular relationships to coping resources, coping strateges and to what extent the individual feels able to cope with the environment. Also reviewed are multidisciplinary approaches to treatment, aimed at both psychological and physical aspects. Interventions involving physical as well as psychological training seem to have the best effects. The contribution from physical load is moderate, except for static muscle work. There is a growing concern that the response from the welfare society may produce attitudes that are counterproductive for prevention and treatment. Do we over-react and impose disease concepts on regular complaints that may be a part of normal life?.     

Selfish bin coloring

The bin packing problem, a classical problem in combinatorial optimization, has recently been studied from the viewpoint of algorithmic game theory. In this bin packing game each item is controlled by a selfish player minimizing its personal cost, which in this context is defined as the relative contribution of the size of the item to the total load in the bin.