Self-Help:

The Strengthening the Informal Support System of the Hispanic Elderly, a project designed to supply the Hispanic adult caregiver, i.e., relatives, friends and neighbors, with information and social support through a self-help group approach offered experiential learning and facilitated the formation of an informal network in which the participants explored their personal feeling towards the caregiving role, shared problems and concerns and engaged in mutual problem-solving activities. The project was conducted with fifty-eight persons who were the major caregivers of Hispanic elderly residing in four selected sites throughout New York City.     

Mean-Based Iterative Procedures in Linear Models with General Errors and Grouped Data

Abstract.  We present in this paper iterative estimation procedures, using conditional expectations, to fit linear models when the distributions of the errors are general and the dependent data stem from a finite number of sources, either grouped or non-grouped with different classification criteria. We propose an initial procedure that is inspired by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, although it does not agree with it. The proposed procedure avoids the nested iteration, which implicitly appears in the initial procedure and also in the EM algorithm. The stochastic asymptotic properties of the corresponding estimators are analysed.     

The Equivalence of Two Proportions Revisited

The classic conditional test for checking that the difference between two independent proportions is not null may not be appropriate in many circumstances. Dunnett & Gent (1977) showed that in clinical trials, in studies of drugs, etc, the aim is to prove the practical equality (equivalence) of both proportions. On other occasions the aim may be the opposite: i.e. to prove that the two proportions are substantially different (biologically significant). Both cases are usually solved by two one-sided tests (TOST test). In this article, this procedure is shown to be conservative and two true two-sided tests for each case are proposed.     

Implementing unit roost tests in ARMA models of unknow order

This paper compares the performance of classical and recent unit root tests based on different estimation procedures, including fitting ARMA models of unknown orders. The article also introduces an estimator of the spectral density function that is based on the estimation of an ARMA model with data previously detrended by GLS. The Monte Carlo experiment shows that tests improve their performance if an ARMA model is estimated, instead of an autoregressive approximation. The best results are obtained by tests based on the estimation of the spectral density function.     

Weak approximations for quantile processes of stationary sequences

ABSTRACT By studying the deviations between uniform empirical and quantile processes (the so-called Bahadur-Kiefer representations) of a stationary sequence in properly weighted sup-norm metrics, we find a general approach to obtaining weighted results for uniform quantile processes of stationary sequences. Consequently we are able to obtain weak convergence for weighted uniform quantile processes of stationary mixing and associated sequences. Further, by studying the sup-norm distance of a general quantile process from its corresponding uniform quantile process, we find that information at the two end points of the uniform quantile process can be so utilized that this weighted sup-norm distance converges in probability to zero under the so-called Csörgõ-Révész conditions. This enables us to obtain weak convergence for weighted general quantile processes of stationary mixing and associated sequences.     

Issues in psychotherapy with HIV-infected Latinos in New York city

This article will discuss issues important in psychotherapy with Latinos with HIV/AIDS in New York City. The various levels of oppressed group membership will be discussed as they relate to a therapeutic understanding of the mental health needs of Latinos. A case study will be used to demonstrate the clinical applications of the Model of Multiple Oppression.     

New critical region tables for Fisher's exact test

The best-known non-asymptotic method for comparing two independent proportions is Fisher's exact text. The usual critical region (CR) tables for this test contain one or more of the following defects:they distinguish between rows and columns; they distinguish between the alternatives H = p1 < p2 and H = p1 > p2; they assume that the error for the two-tailed test is twice that of the one-tailed test; they do not use the optimal version of the test; they do not give both CRs for one and two tails at the same time. All this results in the unnecessary duplication of the space required for the tables, the construction of tables of low-powered methods, or the need to manipulate two different tables (one for the one-tailed test, the other for the two-tailed test). This paper presents CR tables which have been obtained from the most powerful version of Fisher's exact test and which occupy the minimum space possible. The tables, which are valid for one- or two-tailed tests, have levels of significance of 10%, 5% and 1% and values for N (the total size of both samples) of less than or equal to 40. This article shows how to calculate the P value in a specific problem, using the tables as a means of partial checking and as a preliminary step to determining the exact P value.     

A note on nineteenth-century Irish emigration statistics

Summary On the basis of a re-examination of the different statistical series of post-Famine Irish emigration, this paper finds (1) that the total outflow was larger than the figures for total emigration allow, and (2) that permanent movement to Great Britain was substantially more important, both relatively and absolutely, than is commonly realized.     

Verstehen in Supervision und Coaching: Sprache als Chance und Hindernis zugleich

Understanding in supervision and coaching: Language as chance and obstacleThe word or the language in general are the vehicle through which the human beings interact with each other, differentiate themselves and regulate their relations. But at the same time anybody’s word is becoming in the postmodern societies more and more individual, self-referential and self-differentiating which means both a chance and an obstacle. The relation between supervisor/coach and client shapes a system of communication that produces stability and at the same time it creates a threat which brings about the possibility of changing the patterns of meaning introducing differentiated models of language.