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41.
Retraining of staff is a compulsory managerial function in many organisations and often requires planning for a large number of employees. The large scale of this problem and various restrictions on the resultant assignment to classes make this planning challenging. The paper presents a complexity analysis of this problem together with linear and nonlinear mathematical programming formulations. Three different column generation based optimisation procedures and a large neighbourhood search procedure, incorporating column generation, are compared by means of computational experiments. The experiments used data typical to large electricity distributors. 相似文献
42.
43.
Pedro Oliver Olmo 《Journal of historical sociology》2021,34(2):305-322
This article studies the long duration of the death penalty in Spain until its abolition in the Constitution of 1978. After analysing the plurality of theoretical approaches and possibilities offered by archival sources and specialised historiography (particularly those produced by specialists in the history of law and social history), I synthesise the Spanish answers to the major questions posed in the international historiographical debate on this issue. I then review the formality and the religious and juridical content of these “ceremonies of torment” in order to understand the scope of the practice of the death penalty in processes of social change: what did political power transmit from the scaffolds and what type of social impact was generated by public executions? How did the institutions that exercised the death penalty evolve? Why, during the transition from the Old Regime to the liberal state, was the death penalty used more regularly than before? How many prisoners were in fact executed, for what crimes, and using what procedures and techniques? Finally, after confirming that in the decades straddling the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the death penalty was on the decline, being counteracted by abolitionist discourse in the field of penal sentencing, I examine the functions played by political executions in the repressive dynamics of the Civil War and Francoism. 相似文献
44.
Torsten Persson 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2002,70(3):883-905
Do political institutions shape economic policy? I argue that this question should naturally appeal to economists. Moreover, the answer is in the affirmative, both in theory and in practice. In particular, recent theoretical work predicts systematic effects of electoral rules and political regimes on the size and composition of government spending. Results from ongoing empirical work indicate that such effects are indeed present in the data. Some empirical results are consistent with theoretical predictions: presidential regimes have smaller governments and countries with majoritarian elections have smaller welfare‐state programs and less corruption. Other results present puzzles for future research: the adjustment to economic events appears highly institution‐dependent, as does the timing and nature of the electoral cycle. 相似文献
45.
We use household-level data to explore residential electricity use patterns following installation of solar panels. Solar adoption leads to an increase in total electricity consumption relative to a matched non-adopting control group. Our point estimate translates to a rebound effect of 28.5%, suggesting that nearly a third of the electricity produced by a customer's solar panels is used for increased energy services, rather than reduced grid electricity consumption. We explore several potential drivers of an increase in electricity consumption. These results have important implications for electricity planning and policy, suggesting that rooftop solar stimulates additional demand for electricity. 相似文献
46.
Gabriel Nagy Helen M. G. Watt Jacquelynne S. Eccles Ulrich Trautwein Oliver Lüdtke Jürgen Baumert 《Journal of research on adolescence》2010,20(2):482-506
Gender differences in the development of children's and adolescents' academic self‐perceptions have received increasing attention in recent years. This study extends previous research by examining the development of mathematics self‐concept across grades 7–12 in three cultural settings: Australia (Sydney; N=1,333), the United States (Michigan; N=2,443), and Germany (four federal states; N=4,688). Results of latent growth curve models document very similar patterns of self‐concept development in males and females in the three settings. First, gender differences in favor of boys were observed at the beginning of the observation period (grade 7). Second, gender was not significantly related to self‐concept change in either group, meaning that initial differences persisted across time. Third, the results provided no evidence that the form of the longitudinal change trajectories for mathematics self‐concept differed across the cultural settings. This pattern of results is inconsistent with explanatory models that predict converging or diverging gender differences in mathematics self‐concept. Furthermore, the results indicate that self‐concept development may be highly similar across western cultural settings. 相似文献
47.
Much of the discussion of state steering of service delivery networks to encourage collaboration at the local level has been
theoretical. This study builds on this analysis systematically to assess the relationship between meta-governance tools of
central government steering and the extent of local collaboration, using the case of homelessness services in England. Contrary
to the pessimist expectations of some contemporary theory, central government funding tools and facilitating the transfer
of best practice encourages collaboration. However, simple information provision and authority based tools are only partially
effective, risking tokenistic compliance. Authority tools are more effective when combined with other tools.
Alice Moseley MA is a PhD Candidate, Department of Politics, University of Exeter, UK with a background in public policy, health and social care research. Current research interests include coordination of public services and inter-organizational collaboration. She has previously published in the area of evidence-based social care and evaluation of multi-agency interventions. Oliver James PhD is Reader in Politics, Department of Politics, University of Exeter, UK. Research interests include citizens and users’ interaction with public services - especially satisfaction with public services and political participation, reform of public organization, and regulation of the public sector. His work has appeared in Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration, Public Policy and Administration and International Review of Public Administration. He is author of The Executive Agency Revolution in Whitehall (2003, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan) and co-editor (with C. Hood, B. G. Peters and C. Scott) of Controlling Modern Government (2004 Cheltenham, Edward Elgar). 相似文献
Oliver JamesEmail: |
Alice Moseley MA is a PhD Candidate, Department of Politics, University of Exeter, UK with a background in public policy, health and social care research. Current research interests include coordination of public services and inter-organizational collaboration. She has previously published in the area of evidence-based social care and evaluation of multi-agency interventions. Oliver James PhD is Reader in Politics, Department of Politics, University of Exeter, UK. Research interests include citizens and users’ interaction with public services - especially satisfaction with public services and political participation, reform of public organization, and regulation of the public sector. His work has appeared in Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration, Public Policy and Administration and International Review of Public Administration. He is author of The Executive Agency Revolution in Whitehall (2003, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan) and co-editor (with C. Hood, B. G. Peters and C. Scott) of Controlling Modern Government (2004 Cheltenham, Edward Elgar). 相似文献
48.
Oliver Arránz Becker Veronika Salzburger Nadia Lois Bernhard Nauck 《Journal of marriage and the family》2013,75(5):1130-1148
Using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) based on 11,746 intergenerational family relationships, the present study examined differences in parental closeness across relations with multiple, coresidential, and non‐coresidential adolescent and adult children. Replicating previous research in a multilevel analysis across families, the authors found a strong positive effect of biological descent on closeness in comparison to adoptive and steprelations; this parental favoritism toward biological offspring was partly explained by selection via parental resources and attitudes. Supplemental within‐parent fixed effect analyses suggested that the relative disadvantage of stepchildren was offset by longer duration of the stepparent–stepchild relationship, lower household income, fewer children in the household, and high parental affirmation of familism. 相似文献
49.
Sonya Arreola Torsten Neilands Lance Pollack Jay Paul Joseph Catania 《Journal of sex research》2013,50(3):246-252
Gay and bisexual men carry the burden of HIV infections in the United States and have high rates of childhood sexual abuse that predict HIV and other health outcomes. This study examined differential effects of forced, consensual, and no childhood sexual experiences (CSE) on health outcomes among a probability sample of adult men who have sex with men (MSM). The forced sex group had the highest levels of psychological distress, substance use, and HIV risk. There were no differences in rates of depression and suicidal ideation between the consensual- and no-sex groups. The consensual- and forced-sex groups had higher rates of substance use and transmission risk than the no-sex group. The forced-sex group, however, had significantly higher rates of frequent drug use and high-risk sex than the consensual group. Findings suggest that forced CSEs result in a higher-risk profile than consensual or no childhood sexual experiences, the kind of risk pattern differs between forced and consensual childhood sexual experiences, and the underlying mechanisms that maintain risk patterns may vary. It is important to clarify risk patterns and mechanisms that maintain them differentially for forced and consensual sex groups so that interventions may be tailored to the specific trajectories related to each experience. 相似文献
50.
Carolyn Oliver 《Social Work Education》2013,32(6):773-784
One of the more difficult tasks for social work educators is socializing students into a professional identity. Social identity theory provides a lens to consider what is needed for a social work identity that will continue to be salient for students as they move into practice. Framing social workers as boundary spanners might offer students a professional identity that is congruent with core values, reflects what social workers do and places less emphasis on old debates about the profession. It also positions students well for work in the increasingly interprofessional realms of health and social care. I consider how social workers are well equipped to meet the demand created by ‘joined-up working’ for people with boundary-spanning expertise. Seeing ourselves as boundary spanners is one way to reconcile our professional and interprofessional identities, thereby increasing the chances that our students will continue to identify as social workers when they move into interprofessional practice. 相似文献