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991.
992.
993.
Obesity is considered a major cause of premature mortality and a potential threat to the longstanding secular decline in mortality
in the United States. We measure relative and attributable risks associated with obesity among middle-aged adults using data
from the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2004). Although class II/III obesity (BMI _ 35.0 kg/m2) increases mortality by
40% in females and 62% in males compared with normal BMI (BMI = 18.5-24.9), class I obesity (BMI = 30.0-34.9) and being overweight
(BMI = 25.0-29.9) are not associated with excess mortality. With respect to attributable mortality, class II/III obesity (BMI
_ 35.0) is responsible for approximately 4% of deaths among females and 3% of deaths among males. Obesity is often compared
with cigarette smoking as a major source of avoidable mortality. Smoking-attributable mortality is much larger in this cohort:
about 36% in females and 50% in males. Results are robust to confounding by preexisting diseases, multiple dimensions of socioeconomic
status (SES), smoking, and other correlates. These findings challenge the viewpoint that obesity will stem the long-term secular
decline in U.S. mortality. 相似文献
994.
This study aims at ascertaining how Hong Kong people perceive Hong Kong as a harmonious society. It also identifies the elements
that are most conducive to social harmony in Hong Kong, so that the government could take reference when formulating new policies.
1,062 adults residents were asked to rate their perceived level of social harmony and their satisfaction with 36 items (divided
into three dimensions: public governance, society, and economy, family and work) for which the research team believes would
be influencing the perceived level of social harmony. Results show that the average rating of social harmony was 5.57 (out
of 10), delineating a moderate level of social harmony. Subsequent multivariate factor analysis and regression analysis show
that the four extracted factors (from the three dimensions) had significant impacts on the level of social harmony. These
were, in order of significance: (a) public governance, (b) social solidarity and respect, (c) economy/family/work and, (d)
social tolerance and progressiveness. According to the factor loadings of each significant factor, we identified four core
values which we hope the government would consider when formulating new policies, as follows: (1) A Justice Government with
Sincerity on Communication, (2) Mutual Support and Respect with Integrity and Dedication, (3) Dedication to One’s Job and
Community by Helping the Needed and, (4) Creativity and Progressiveness with Tolerance. Implications for policy making are
discussed.
The study was conducted under the direction and guidance of the Fostering Social Harmony Task Force of the Hong Kong Professionals
and Senior Executives Association (HKPASEA). The authors acknowledge the kind support and assistance provided by the Council
Members of HKPASEA and staff members of the Centre for Corporate Governance and Financial Policy at Hong Kong Baptist University.
We are also grateful to Prof. Alex Michalos and Prof. P. K. Ip for their comments and suggestions given at the International
Conference on National Well-Being held in November 2006 at the National Central University, Taiwan. 相似文献
995.
Population forecasts entail a significant amount of uncertainty, especially for long-range horizons and for places with small
or rapidly changing populations. This uncertainty can be dealt with by presenting a range of projections or by developing
statistical prediction intervals. The latter can be based on models that incorporate the stochastic nature of the forecasting
process, on empirical analyses of past forecast errors, or on a combination of the two. In this article, we develop and test
prediction intervals based on empirical analyses of past forecast errors for counties in the United States. Using decennial
census data from 1900 to 2000, we apply trend extrapolation techniques to develop a set of county population forecasts; calculate
forecast errors by comparing forecasts to subsequent census counts; and use the distribution of errors to construct empirical
prediction intervals. We find that empirically-based prediction intervals provide reasonably accurate predictions of the precision
of population forecasts, but provide little guidance regarding their tendency to be too high or too low. We believe the construction
of empirically-based prediction intervals will help users of small-area population forecasts measure and evaluate the uncertainty
inherent in population forecasts and plan more effectively for the future. 相似文献
996.
Partial Order Theory has been recently more and more employed in applied science to overcome the intrinsic disadvantage hidden
in aggregation, if a multiple attribute system is available. Despite its numerous positive features, there are many practical
cases where the interpretation of the partial order can be rather troublesome. In these cases the analysis of underlying dimensions
could be useful to uncover particular data structures. The paper shows a way of addressing the problem with the help of an
actual case study, which deals with European opinions on services of general interest. In particular, a partial order of countries
is firstly provided and then a method to detect dimensions is discussed and applied. The analysis stems directly from the
Partially Order Set (poset) and Lattice theory with particular references to dimension theory and Formal Concept Analysis.
The study is eventually able to pinpoint role and relevance of different attributes characterizing EU countries which are
used to define the partial order.
相似文献
Rainer BrüggemannEmail: |
997.
The Malaysian Quality of Life Index (MQLI) released by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU), has led authors to search for alternative
method of expressing this index. One of the limitations in MQLI computations is the failure to recognise unequal weights for
each accounted component. This paper offers a new way of expressing the quality of life index using a mathematical modelling
based on fuzzy sets theory and the proposed weights based on Maslow’s theory of hierarchical human needs. The indices of 11
components that were used to compute MQLI, again be gathered as a basis in expressing a new Malaysian Fuzzy Quality of Life
Index (MFQLI). The new indices for each component yielded through a normalisation process prior weighting and aggregation
to compose a new MFQLI. It was found that a fuzzy sets approach with the inclusion of weights based on human needs yielded
a better index of quality of life than the MQLI. 相似文献
998.
Using confidential microdata from the US Census Bureau, we investigate the performance of Asian-owned businesses. Using regression
estimates and a special non-linear decomposition technique, we explore the role that class resources, such as financial capital
and human capital, play in contributing to the relative success of Asian businesses. We find that Asian-owned businesses are
more successful than white-owned businesses for two main reasons—Asian owners have high levels of human capital and their
businesses have substantial start-up capital. Using detailed information on both the owner and the firm, we estimate the explanatory
power of several additional factors.
相似文献
Robert W. Fairlie (Corresponding author)Email: |
999.
P. L. Rika Fatimah A. A. Jemain K. Ibrahim S. Mohammad Nasir M. A. Khairul Anuar 《Social indicators research》2009,92(1):131-149
Determining priority importance is a matter of concerns among the organization to improve their performance. One of the important
aspects that should be considered by the organization is management of human resources, comprising of members who have their
own family life. In this paper, we deliver a new perspective for organization to provide priority importance for their members
with respect to family matters in order to inculcate the sense of belonging in the organization. To be effective in considering
family matters in the organizational policy making, closer look of family characteristics are required. The idea of translating
several family characteristics as quality variables and applying the quality function deployment (QFD) method to these variables
could present a new way of improving the decision making in the organization by considering the process of decision in the
family. Quality function deployment for family (QFDF) produces a friendly interpretation of a highly complex and intangible
matters around family life; thus, making the assessment of a family easier. QFD is applied on the data gathered from a questionnaire
survey based on 1,213 families in West Malaysia, Malaysia. Twelve variables are identified as voice of family, where seven
of them are found to have the highest priority of importance. These variables could also be translated into quality variables
in the context of organization, the strategy of improvement for the family could be interpreted as strategy for improvement
in the organization. Furthermore, the results of this study provide suggestion to improve actions for managing human resource.
In the discussion, three most high ranked variables from both perspectives of family and organization are considered. 相似文献
1000.
复活的记忆——却西德哇传统村运会的应用人类学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
"阿米嘉顶之韵——却西德哇传统村运会"是由人类学者发起的一项旨在复活当地传统体育游戏、歌舞和其他古老传统的应用人类学项目。本文描述了面对传统文化的衰落,人类学者在青藏高原东北部一个名为却西德哇的藏族村落与村民对话和共同行动的过程。此外,本文还就本次实践在非物质文化遗产保护方面取得的经验做了讨论。 相似文献