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1.
Ulrich Witt 《Journal of Economic Psychology》1991,12(4)
Economists have become increasingly interested in hypotheses from sociobiology as a source of inspiration for filling gaps in the economic model of behavior. To avoid borrowing eclectically and arbitrarily from neighboring disciplines, this paper attempts to outline in a systematic way the similarities and differences between the approaches taken in economics and sociobiology. In doing so, special attention is given to an empirical theory of preferences that is lacking in economics. Here, inspiration from sociobiology would seem to be particularly useful. The considerations in the paper suggest that sociobiological arguments may indeed be helpful, albeit at a very elementary level only. A more comprehensive theory cannot ignore the influences of innate learning mechanisms in higher living beings. An elaborated theory of preferences in economics will have to acknowledge and incorporate insights from behavioral psychology. 相似文献
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3.
中德婚姻市场供需情况的比较研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文从概念、形成机制、度量方法、后果及其解决途径等方面探讨了婚姻挤压问题 ,考虑到婚姻挤压对婚姻寿命、初婚人数及其性别差异的影响而创立了婚姻寿命指数与初婚挤压指数两指标 ,提出了婚姻市场类型的划分标准。通过对中德两国婚姻市场的历史与现状的考察 ,揭示了中德两国婚姻挤压产生的原因、类型、差异和未来的变化趋势 ,并对如何化解中国未来婚姻市场的供求矛盾提出了对策与建议 相似文献
4.
Abstract. There are two economic reasons for supporting the Internal Market Programme of the EC by social policies: the fust argument refers to welfare theory, the second to policies of distribution. First, it could be possible that an economic integration without social completion will lead to welfare losses. Therefore, it could be necessary to correct market forces or to support them respectively because, due to market imperfections, they do not provide the best possible use of productive facilities. Second, it cannot be excluded that level and structure of social provisions will not be accepted because of superior aspects of policies of distribution. Market results could miss the aim of adjusting life and working conditions within the EC and developing them further. These two arguments mentioned above should be followed up in the discussion of the pros and cons of a harmonization of social systems in the EC. For the purposes of this paper these. rather fundamental considerations are applied to the following concrete items: dismissal protection, non-standard forms of employment, and working hours. These regulations influence numerical flexibility of enterprises, i.e. the possibilities of quantitative adjustments in staff use. The steadily growing competition in Europe will also increase the importance of flexibility potentials of enterprises in the different countries as a relevant factor for enterprise location. Extensive flexibility restrictions could prove to be competitive disadvantage in view of countries with more possibilities of flexibilization.Therefore, after the comparison of flexibility potentials in the EC-countries the implications for European laws (key-word: Social Charter) are to be discussed. 相似文献
5.
Neyse Levent Vieider Ferdinand M. Ring Patrick Probst Catharina Kaernbach Christian van Eimeren Thilo Schmidt Ulrich 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2020,60(1):29-51
Journal of Risk and Uncertainty - Prenatal androgens have organizational effects on brain and endocrine system development, which may have a partial impact on economic decisions. Numerous studies... 相似文献
6.
Theory and Decision - In contrast to the assumptions of standard economic theory, recent experimental evidence shows that the income of peers has a systematic impact on observed degrees of risk... 相似文献
7.
Informal Food Production in the Enlarged European Union 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
How widespread is the production of food in old and new member states of the European Union and what is the social meaning or logic of such activities? We show that growing food is (a) more widespread in former communist countries than in traditional market economies and (b) is predominantly a hobby or recreational activity in affluent countries, but a coping strategy in reaction to experienced difficulties in making ends meet in poorer nations, and especially so in the former communist countries. 相似文献
8.
David Brady Marco Giesselmann Ulrich Kohler Anke Radenacker 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2018,16(3):321-345
Permanent income (PI) is an enduring concept in the social sciences and is highly relevant to the study of inequality. Nevertheless, there has been insufficient progress in measuring PI. We calculate a novel measure of PI with the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Advancing beyond prior approaches, we define PI as the logged average of 20+ years of post-tax and post-transfer (“post-fisc”) real equivalized household income. We then assess how well various household- and individual-based measures of economic resources proxy PI. In both datasets, post-fisc household income is the best proxy. One random year of post-fisc household income explains about half of the variation in PI, and 2–5 years explain the vast majority of the variation. One year of post-fisc HH income even predicts PI better than 20+ years of individual labor market earnings or long-term net worth. By contrast, earnings, wealth, occupation, and class are weaker and less cross-nationally reliable proxies for PI. We also present strategies for proxying PI when HH post-fisc income data are unavailable, and show how post-fisc HH income proxies PI over the life cycle. In sum, we develop a novel approach to PI, systematically assess proxies for PI, and inform the measurement of economic resources more generally. 相似文献
9.
Tabea Herrmann Olaf Hübler Lukas Menkhoff Ulrich Schmidt 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2017,54(2):129-156
This paper complements evidence on the Allais paradox from advanced countries and educated people by a novel investigation in a poor rural area. The share of Allais-type behavior is indeed high and related to indicators of “lacking ability,” such as poor education, unemployment, and little financial sophistication. Based on prospective reference theory, we extend these characteristics by biased processing of probabilistic information. Finally, we reveal that Allais-type behavior is linked to risk-related characteristics, such as risk tolerance and optimism. This indicates a potential problem as exactly the more dynamic among the poor tend to make inconsistent decisions under uncertainty. 相似文献
10.
Can sustainability economics profit from the fusion with Amartya Sen's capability approach, thereby gaining solid normative foundations and wider applicability? We argue that this fusion is mistaken to the extent that the capability approach is essentially a static normative framework while sustainability economics demands a systematic long-term view with focus on wide-ranging societal change. These demands are best realized by taking an evolutionary perspective that focuses on the evolution and development of societies. 相似文献