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Monica K. Hurdal Juan B. Gutierrez Christian Laing Deborah A. Smith 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2008,15(3):257-275
We describe geometric invariants that characterize the shape of curves and surfaces in 3D space: curvature, Gauss integrals
and moments. We apply these invariants to neuroimaging data to determine if they have application for automatically classifying
and parcellating cortical data. The curves of sulci and gyri on the cortical surface can be obtained by reconstructing cortical
surface representations of the human brain from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We reconstructed gray matter surfaces
for 15 subjects, traced 10 sulcal curves on each surface and computed geometric invariants for each curve. These geometric
features were used classify the curves into sulcal and hemispheric classes. The best classification results were obtained
when moment-based features were computed on the sulcal curves in native space. Gauss integral measures showed that they were
useful for differentiating the hemispheric location of a single sulcus. These promising results may indicate that moment invariants
are useful for characterizing shape on a global scale. Gauss integral invariants are potentially useful measures for characterizing
cortical shape on a local, rather than global scale. Gauss integrals have found biological significance in characterizing
proteins so it is worthwhile to consider their possible application to neuroscientific data. 相似文献
114.
This study applies multilevel logistic regression to Demographic and Health Survey data from 22 sub‐Saharan African countries to examine whether the relationship between child mortality and family structure, with a specific emphasis on polygyny, varies cross‐nationally and over time. Hypotheses were developed on the basis of competing theories on the relationship between child health and family structure. Although children of mothers in polygynous marriages are more likely to die than those of mothers in monogamous unions, the relationship is constant across time. Familial factors including education, socioeconomic status (SES), and urban residence accounted for most of the observed cross‐national variation associated with polygyny. Consequently, improving maternal education and household SES would greatly benefit child health in sub‐Saharan Africa. 相似文献
115.
Jacqueline M. Williams‐Reade Elsie Lobo Gabriela Gutierrez 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2019,45(2):219-232
When clients enter the therapy room they bring unique spiritual beliefs and values in with them; however, marital and family therapists (MFTs) often lack training to assist in this important area of diversity. Current training recommendations encourage therapists to explore their own spirituality to identify personal limitations that may occlude positive client outcomes; however very little information exists on the implementation and usefulness of this type of training. This article will describe a curriculum and report results from a qualitative study of students who participated in a reflexive spirituality practicum course offered in a COAMFTE accredited doctoral program at a private, religious institution. Through this, we hope to provide a training model to further spiritual integration activities in MFT. 相似文献
116.
We tested group interventions for women with a Turkish migration background living in Austria and suffering from recurrent depression. N = 66 participants were randomized to: (1) Self-Help Groups (SHG), (2) Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Groups, and (3) a Wait-List (WL) Control condition. Neither SHG nor CBT were superior to WL. On an individual basis, about one third of the participants showed significant improvements with respect to symptoms of depression. Younger women, women with a longer duration of stay in Austria and those who had encountered a higher number of traumatic experiences, showed increased improvement of depressive symptoms. The results suggest that individual treatment by ethnic, female psychotherapists should be preferred to group interventions. 相似文献
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Walter R. Schumm Michael Higgins Lorenza Lockett Shuyi Huang Nadyah Abdullah Abdullah Asiri 《Marriage & Family Review》2017,53(1):1-23
Occasionally, scientific reports have omitted information on standard deviations, making estimates of effect sizes very difficult to impossible. In such situations, several scholars have recommended obtaining an estimate of the standard deviation of distributions by dividing the range of the distribution (highest value minus lowest value) by four. However, there appears to be little evidence to confirm the validity of this approach. Articles from 2012 to 2015 in the journal Marriage & Family Review were surveyed to find instances where demographic variables (age, education, duration of relationship, number of children) were reported with both standard deviations and ranges. Ratios between range and standard deviations were calculated by several rules of thumb or more complex formulas and compared with the actual ratios obtained. Results indicated that dividing by five in general provided a more accurate estimate of actual standard deviations but accuracy in predicting the true ratio between range and standard deviation was substantially related to the position of the mean score within the range of scores with larger divisors needed as the mean approached either the minimum or the maximum values of the demographic variable (skew). Other recent formulae for estimating the standard deviation were also evaluated, but the skew-based approach appeared to be more accurate than the others. However, further investigation in other samples is needed because the skew-based approach was derived from observation of the data here, which might not replicate in different sets of data. 相似文献
119.
Hoaglin and Andrews (1975) proposed standards for computational practice and the reporting of computation-based studies. They observed that “statisticians … often pay too little attention to their own principles of design.” To see if the design and reporting had improved, we surveyed five major statistical journals for 1975, 1978, and 1981 to ascertain whether reported simulation studies involved a specified design, justified the choice of the number of iterations, and specified the random number generator(s) used. Eighteen percent of the 1,198 papers surveyed included results based on simulation. We found that 9% of the papers including a simulation study justified the choice of the number of iterations and 44% at least partially specified the random number generator. Hoaglin and Andrews's observation appears still to be true. 相似文献
120.
Shur Walter 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(7):377-885
The Polya-Eggenberger distribution Involves drawing a ball from an urn containing black and white balls and, after each drawing, returning the ball together with s balls of the same color, The model represents positive contagion since the added balls are the same color as the one drawn, See Johnson and Kotz, (1977), This paper derives and examines the probability distribution which results from the Polya-Eggenberger model with only one change namely, the s additional balls added after each drawing are of the opposite color, producing a negative contagion model. Formulas in closed form are presented for the probability distribution function, the mean and variance, all binomial moments and, where s is greater than or equal to the number of balls in the urn at start, the mode, A formula for the mode is conjectured where s is less than the number of balls in the urn at start. Finally, the probability of obtaining k black balls in n drawings is shown in certain instances to be equal to Ank/n! where Ank are the Eulerian numbers. 相似文献