关于老年问题研究文献的内容分析

老年问题从家庭的、个人的问题逐渐变成了社会问题,引起了全社会的高度重视.本文应用内容分析方法,分析了我国自80年代以来,老年问题研究的历史、现状、总体趋势,并提出了几点建议.     

关于加强和改进新时期思想政治工作的几点思考

新时期如何做好思想政治工作是摆在每一个党务工作者的重大课题 ,本文就思想政治工作如何加强与创新 ,以适应新时期政治经济工作的需要提出了自己的看法。     

明中后期青海河湟地区藏族人口数量考察

本文着重对藏民族在明代中后期的人口数量进行历史考察 ,通过对有关历史资料的分析考证 ,进而得出了这一时期的藏族人口数据。在一定程度上填补了青海河湟地区藏族人口史的空白 ,这对全面了解明代河湟地区藏族社会经济状况有着重要意义。     

FOR MONEY OR GLORY? COMMERCIALIZATION,COMPETITION, AND SECRECY IN THE ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITY

Scholars have grown concerned that the commercialization of academic science is increasing secrecy at the expense of cooperation and information sharing. Using data from comparable surveys of academic scientists in three fields (experimental biology, mathematics, and physics), we test whether scientists have become more competitive and more secretive over the last 30 years. We also use the recent survey to test a multivariate model of the effects of scientific competition and commercialization (patenting, industry funding, and industry collaboration) on scientific secrecy. We find that secrecy has increased, and has increased particularly for experimental biologists. Only 13 percent of experimental biologists in 1998 felt safe discussing their ongoing research with all others doing similar work. Our multivariate analysis shows that this secrecy is most related to concerns about being anticipated (scientific competition). We find that patenting is associated with increased secrecy among mathematicians and physicists, but not for experimental biologists. We find that industry funding is associated with more secrecy, while industry collaboration is associated with less secrecy, across fields. Our results suggest that the recent concern over increasing scientific secrecy has merit. However, this increased secrecy seems to result from a combination of increasing commercial linkages and increased pressures from scientific competition. Our research highlights the central role that scientists' competition for priority plays in the system of science and that, while such competition spurs effort, it also produces negative effects that recent trends toward commercialization of academic science seem to be exacerbating.     

中国城乡居民年龄别消费模式量化与分析

文章采用2010年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据量化分析年龄别居民消费模式。针对同类研究只采用年龄变量作为自变量的不足,在经典的需求和消费函数基础上扩展年龄变量构建计量模型,获得了更好的解释力和准确性。基于计量分析结果刻画了分年龄、性别的中国城乡居民消费模式,并进行城乡比较。研究发现,居民家庭消费生命周期中存在30~34岁及45~49岁两个消费高峰;城乡居民消费差距最大的是高龄老人;农村老人在高龄阶段的医疗保健消费明显下降;农村中年妇女的医疗保健支出低于男性。研究认为,应从政策层面有针对性地加大对特定年龄性别人群的扶助力度;同时,未来产业规划应充分考虑人口结构变动因素的影响。     

城市老年人对居家养老服务提供主体的选择及影响因素——基于福利多元主义视角的研究

居家养老是我国社会化养老服务的基础,诞生于西方发达国家的福利多元主义为我国国家主导型社会福利政策和居家养老服务的发展提供了理论资源。当前我国城市地区的居家养老服务主要依靠政府推动,市场化机制开始建立,老年群体对政府、社区依赖较高,对市场化服务供给主体的认可度仍有较大提升空间。加快发展居家养老服务,满足不同社会人口和经济特征老年人的多样化需求是一项社会系统工程。在创建多元化服务格局的过程中,需要政府、企业、社区、社会组织、志愿者、家庭和个人等各方参与主体明确权责,分工协作,扩大有效需求,统筹地区协调发展,凝聚推动供需两旺良性发展的合力。     

梁启超群治文学观初探

梁启超是中国近代文化转型过程中最具代表性的人物。20世纪初期,梁启超引进西方文化观念,首倡近代多种文体的革新,提出了著名的"群治社会构想",反映在文学思想上主要包括四个方面,即聚合现代民族精神,展示历史进化趋势,"言文一致"语体风格和构建市民文化空间。梁启超"群治"文学观的提出及其有益实践对启蒙国人思想、推进中国文学发展和社会进步,都具有重要意义。     

Effects of physical,virtual reality-based,and brain exercise on physical,cognition, and preference in older persons: a randomized controlled trial

Background

Physical exercise (PE), virtual reality-based exercise (VRE), and brain exercise (BE) can influence physical and cognitive conditions in older persons. However, it is not known which of the three types of exercises provide the best effects on physical and cognitive status, and which exercise is preferred by older persons. This study compared the effects of PE, VRE, and BE on balance, muscle strength, cognition, and fall concern. In addition, exercise effort perception and contentment in older persons was evaluated.

Methods

Eighty-four older persons (n?=?84) were randomly selected for PE, VRE, BE, and control groups. The exercise groups received 8-week training, whereas the control group did not. Balance was assessed by Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go test (TUG), muscle strength by 5 Times Sit to Stand (5TSTS) and left and right hand grip strength (HGS), cognition by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Timed Up and Go test Cognition (TUG-cog), fall concern by Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), exercise effort perception by Borg category ratio scale (Borg CR-10), and exercise contentment by a questionnaire.

Results

After exercise, PE significantly enhanced TUG and 5TSTS to a greater extent than VRE (TUG; p?=?0.004, 5TSTS; p?=?0.027) and BE (TUG; p?=?0,012, 5TSTS; p?<?0.001). VRE significantly improved MoCA (p?<?0.001) and FES-I (p?=?0.036) compared to PE, and 5TSTS (p?<?0.001) and FES-I (p?=?0.011) were improved relative to BE. MoCA was significantly enhanced by BE compared to PE (p?<?0.001) and both MoCA and TUG-cog were improved compared to VRE (p?=?0.04). PE and VRE significantly (p < 0.001) increased Borg CR-10 in all exercise sessions, whereas BE showed a significant improvement (p?< 0.001) in the first 4 sessions. Participants had a significantly greater satisfaction with BE than controls (p?=?0.006), and enjoyed VRE and BE more than PE (p?< 0.001). Subjects in all exercise groups exhibited benefits compared to the control group (p?< 0.001).

Conclusions

PE provided the best results in physical tests, VRE produced measurable improvements in physical and cognition scores, while BE enhanced cognition ability in older persons. Older persons preferred VRE and BE compared to PE. Both exercises are suggested to older persons to improve physical and cognitive conditions.

     

关于青年研究学科化的思考

本文通过对我国20世纪80年代以来青年研究发展的简要回顾，从知识体系和方法论两方面评述了青年研究的学科化现状。研究认为，青年研究的学科化的标志．应该是独立研究对象及其知识体系以及方法论的确立；不论是青年学还是青年社会学．目前仍然处在科恩所说的前范式阶段。文章从知识体系方面对西方学术成就的借鉴、经验研究方法的规范化，及研究队伍的整合等方面阐述了对青年研究学科化的看法。     

大学生法律思维方式的培养

大学生是国家宝贵的人才资源,由于他们自身年龄、阅历、心理等因素的影响,他们的法律思维方式还存在很多的薄弱环节,为此我们应当以文化素质教育为基础,以法律素质教育为核心,以法律实践为依托,以制裁违法违纪为手段,逐步建立家庭、学校、社会“三点一线”,教师、学生、法律工作者“三教一体”的培养模式。