The Effect of Global Exposure on Attitudes Toward Tradition,Patriotism, and Foreigners: Multilevel Analysis of 14 Asian Societies

In contemporary globalized world, exposure to ideas, people and goods from other countries increasingly feature daily lives. According to the globality theory, global experience and cross-border networking may influences one's value orientation in a way that an individual avoids seeing national tradition from a judgmental viewpoint but develop acceptant attitudes toward outsiders. The world society (WS) theory suggests educational socialization as an alternative determinant. This study aims to test these hypotheses from an empirical approach. We conducted a multilevel analysis of the pooled 2006 and 2007 data from the AsiaBarometer survey of 14 East and Southeast Asian countries. The outcomes are mixed. The WS hypothesis received thin evidence as education only associates negatively with conceiving own national tradition as superior to others. Global exposure tends to lower such conception and it additionally upholds patriotism, reflecting exactly what globality theory expects. However, both factors are uncorrelated to support for foreign workers.

En un mundo contemporáneo y globalizado expuesto a las ideas, la gente y los bienes de otros países, influye cada vez más en nuestras vidas cotidianas. Según la teoría de la globalidad, la experiencia global y las redes transfronterizas pueden influenciar la propia orientación del valor, de tal manera que un individuo evita ver la tradición nacional desde un punto de vista crítico, pero desarrolla actitudes de aceptación hacia los extranjeros. La teoría de la Sociedad Mundial (WS, por sus siglas en inglés) sugiere una socialización educacional como determinante alternativo. Este estudio apunta a examinar estas hipótesis desde un enfoque empírico. Conducimos un análisis multinivel de los datos compartidos de 2006 y 2007 de la encuesta conducida por AsiaBarometer de 14 países del este y sureste asiáticos. Los resultados son mixtos. La hipótesis de la Sociedad Mundial recibió una escasa evidencia, debido a que la educación se asocia negativamente con la concepción de la propia tradición nacional como superior a otras. La exposición global tiende a bajar tal concepción y además mantiene el patriotismo, reflejando exactamente lo que espera la teoría de la globalidad. Sin embargo, ambos factores están sin correlación para apoyar a los trabajadores extranjeros.

在当代的全球化的世界,人们的日常生活总是要遭遇越来越多的来自其他国家的观念、人民和货物。根据全球性的理论,全球经验和跨边界网络可能影响人的价值取向,其方式是,个体的人避免从判定的观点来看待民族国家的传统,而是发展对外来者的接受性的态度。世界社会（WS）理论认为,教育社会化作为一种替代性的决定性因素。 本项研究试图实证地检验这些假设。我们做了一项多层次的分析,集中了2006和2007年两年来自AsiaBarometer对14个东亚和东南亚国家的调查数据。结果是混合性的。仅有微弱的证据支持世界社会假设,因为教育催生了自己的民族国家的传统优越于其它国家这样的负面的东西。全球的接触倾向于降低这样的概念,同时,又支持爱国主义,精确地反映了全球性理论预期的东西。不过,这两种因素在支持外籍劳工方面是缺少联系的。

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В современном глобализированном мире, воздействие идей, людей и товаров из других стран все чаще фигурируют в повседневной жизни. Согласно глобальной теории, мировой опыт и приграничные сети-контакты, возможно, влияют на ценностные ориентации таким образом, что индивид избегает видеть национальные традиции с субъективной точки зрения и развивает отношение принятия к посторонним. Теория мирового общества (WS) предлагает образовательную социализацию в качестве альтернативной детерминанты. Это исследование направлено на проверку этих гипотез на основе эмпирического подхода. Мы провели многоуровневый анализ объединенных данных 2007 и 2006 годов из обзора Asia Barometer 14 восточных и юго-восточных азиатских стран. Результаты неоднозначны. Гипотеза WS получила утонченные доказательства, поскольку только образование имеет отрицательную связь с возникновением идеи о превосходстве собственной национальной традиции. Глобальное воздействие ведет к упадку таких зачатков и дополнительно поддерживает патриотизм, отражающий именно то, что глобальность теории ожидает. Тем не менее, оба эти фактора не коррелируют поддержку для иностранных рабочих.     

Minimum statuses of connected graphs with fixed maximum degree and order

The status of a vertex in a connected graph is the sum of distances between the vertex and all vertices. The minimum status of a connected graph is the minimum of statuses of all vertices of this graph. In this paper we obtain the sharp lower bound and the sharp upper bound on the minimum status of a connected graph with maximum degree k and order n. All the graphs attaining the lower bound are obtained, and a necessary condition is given for those graphs attaining the upper bound.     

Relative Economic Position and Female Marriage Migration: Marrying Men in Taiwan Across Borders and Boundaries

Population Research and Policy Review - In recent decades, Taiwan’s cross-border marriages, often involving less educated and rural men, raised concerns regarding these couples’...     

A generalized test variable approach for grain yield comparisons of rice

Traditionally, an assessment for grain yield of rice is to split it into the yield components, including the number of panicles per plant, the number of spikelets per panicle, the 1000-grain weight and the filled-spikelet percentage, such that the yield performance can be individually evaluated through each component, and the products of yield components are employed for grain yield comparisons. However, when using the standard statistical methods, such as the two-sample t-test and analysis of variance, the assumptions of normality and variance homogeneity cannot be fully justified for comparing the grain yields, leading to that the empirical sizes cannot be adequately controlled. In this study, based on the concepts of generalized test variables and generalized p-values, a novel statistical testing procedure is developed for grain yield comparisons of rice. The proposed method is assessed by a series of numerical simulations. According to the simulation results, the proposed method performs reasonably well in Type I error control and empirical power. In addition, a real-life field experiment is analyzed by the proposed method, some productive rice varieties are screened out and suggested for a follow-up investigation.     

An error-bounded polynomial approximation for bivariate normal probabilities

Although the bivariate normal distribution is frequently employed in the development of screening models, the formulae for computing bivariate normal probabilities are quite complicated. A simple and accurate error-bounded, noniterative approximation for bivariate normal probabilities based on a simple univariate normal quadratic or cubic approximation is developed for use in screening applications. The approximation, which is most accurate for large absolute correlation coefficients, is especially suitable for screening applications (e.g., in quality control), where large absolute correlations between performance and screening variables are desired. A special approximation for conditional bivariate normal probabilities is also provided which in quality control screening applications improves the accuracy of estimating the average outgoing product quality. Some anomalies in computing conditional bivariate normal probabilities using BNRDF and NORDF in IMSL are also discussed.     

Properties and performance of one-sided cumulative count of conforming chart with parameter estimation in high-quality processes

The one-sided cumulative count of conforming (CCC) chart is a useful method to monitor nonconforming fraction in high-quality manufacturing processes. The nonconforming fraction parameter is assumed to be known when implementing a one-sided CCC chart. In this study, we investigated the impact of estimated nonconforming fraction, [pcirc] ₀, in a one-sided CCC chart. The run length distribution is derived as well as the conditional probability of a false alarm rate (CFAR), conditional average run length (CARL) and its standard deviation (CSDRL). Simulation results are conducted to evaluate the effect of [pcirc] ₀ in a one-sided CCC chart. The results show that values of CFAR, CARL and CSDRL are close to the nominal values for a large sample. The impact of estimation errors was also studied. We find that CFAR decreases for large [pcirc] ₀. Thus, a large value of [pcirc] ₀ is suggested for fewer false alarms.     

Faster Convergence to the Estimation of Quadratic Variation with Microstructure Noise

The continuous quadratic variation of asset return plays a critical role for high-frequency trading. However, the microstructure noise could bias the estimation of the continuous quadratic variation. Zhang et al. (2005 Zhang, L., Mykland, P., Ait-Sahalia, Y. (2005). A tale of two time scales: determining integrated volatility with noisy high-frequency data. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 100(472):1394–1411.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) proposed a batch estimator for the continuous quadratic variation of high-frequency data in the presence of microstructure noise. It gives the estimates after all the data arrive. This article proposes a recursive version of their estimator that outputs variation estimates as the data arrive. Our estimator gives excellent estimates well before all the data arrive. Both real high-frequency futures data and simulation data confirm the performance of the recursive estimator.     

A bayesian method in determining the order of a finite state markov chain

In this paper, we use the Bayesian method in the application of hypothesis testing and model selection to determine the order of a Markov chain. The criteria used are based on Bayes factors with noninformative priors. Com¬parisons with the commonly used AIC and BIC criteria are made through an example and computer simulations. The results show that the proposed method is better than the AIC and BIC criteria, especially for Markov chains with higher orders and larger state spaces.     

Estimation of δ=P(X<Y) for Burr XII distribution based on the progressively first failure-censored samples

Let X and Y have two-parameter Burr XII distributions. The maximum-likelihood estimator of δ=P(X<Y) is studied under the progressively first failure-censored samples. Three confidence intervals of δ are constructed by using an asymptotic distribution of the maximum-likelihood estimator of δ and two bootstrapping procedures, respectively. Some computational results from intensive simulations are presented. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.