Relational networks: An extension of sociometric concepts

Conventional dyadic sociometric techniques are shown to be inadequate for dealing with substantively important complex relationships. An extension of the concept of relationship is proposed to encompass these more complex structures, and some elementary formal properties of the resulting networks (known as bipartite graphs) are examined. Preliminary applications are made to problems concerning partitions of a population induced by a structure and boundaries of observability in organizations.     

Projective (2n,n,λ,1)-designs

A projective (2n,n,λ,1)-design is a set $\text{D}$ of n element subsets (called blocks) of a 2n-element set V having the properties that each element of V is a member of λ blocks and every two blocks have a non-empty intersection. This paper establishes existence and non-existence results for various projective (2n,n,λ,1)-designs and their subdesigns.     

On the equivalence of some test criteria based on BAN estimators for the multivariate exponential family

For the general multivariate exponential family of distributions it is shown that Rao's test criterion based on efficient scores is algebraically identical to the general chi-squared criterion based on maximum likelihood estimates and, similarly, that the Wald statistic is algebraically identical to the general minimum modified chi-squared statistic using linearization; these results are valid also for the multisample versions. Thus, these are extensions to the general exponential family of the findings due to Silvey (1970) and Bhapkar (1966), respectively, for the special case of the multinomial family.It is also shown that the general forms of the chi-squared and modified chi-squared criteria reduce to their respective well-known forms for the multivariate symmetric power series distribution. This finding is, thus, an extension of results noted by Ferguson (1958) and Clickner (1976) for the special case of the multinomial distribution.     

A cost benefit analysis of the barbados family planning programme

Abstract Of the Caribbean islands, Barbados has the lowest fertility level. The crude birth rate in 1970 was only 20·5 per 1,000, which is one of the lowest found in any country of similar economic development anywhere in the world. In 1960 the crude birth rate was much higher, at about 33·6 and for almost 40 years before that had fluctuated around a value of 33. Thus, a decline of about 40% has been achieved within the comparatively short period of a decade. The reasons for this rapid decline are of particular interest to all those concerned with population growth and economic development in the less developed areas. In Barbados, the importance of population control and the role of family planning was recognised early by the government and other civic agencies, and the Barbados Family Planning Association (BFPA), an autonomous national family planning agency, was established. Since its modest beginning in 1955 the BFPA has grown to be a major social institution, comprising 14 clinics situated in various localities throughout the island. In 1970, a full-time staff of 28 were providing services to an estimated 10,000 clients, about 20% of all women of reproductive age. Funds for the BFPA have come from local government with considerable assistance from international agencies.     

Unions and private wage supplements

Private wage supplements are an important part of total compensation. A model of workers’ supplement expenditures is developed which shows that, although the expenditure determinants sometimes differ between broad industry/occupation subsamples, earnings, price effects of preferential tax treatment and economies of group purchase, unionization, the product market power of the firm, and worker age are usually significant determinants of supplement expenditures. The firm’s goal of reducing turnover costs as well as demographic, locational, and industry variables also systematically affect supplement expenditures. Supplements usually increase progressively with wages, indicating that often made proportionality assumptions are invalid. This work is based on a portion of my doctoral dissertation “An Economic Analysis of the Determinants of Private Wage Supplements.” An anonymous referee made many useful suggestions and criticisms. The Center for the Study of American Business at Washington University provided some of the computer funding. The remaining errors are my responsibility.