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171.
组织学习是驱动企业创新、实现技术追赶与超越追赶的关键因素,如何合理组织企业的利用式和探索式学习是企业构建研发体系的关键问题。学界对二元学习是否有利于企业的创新绩效存在截然不同的观点。同时,组织内部的情境因素是影响组织二元学习和创新绩效关系的最根本因素,组织内部研发协作网络是二元学习的重要载体。基于美国半导体行业企业十年间的专利数据,实证研究发现,不同维度的二元学习对企业创新绩效具有不同的影响,联合二元学习能够积极影响企业的创新绩效,平衡二元学习则会降低企业的创新绩效;内部研发协作网络密度在二元学习和创新绩效的关系中具有显著的调节作用,企业的内部协作网络密度越高,联合二元学习对企业创新绩效的积极影响越弱,平衡二元学习对创新绩效的负影响则加剧。 相似文献
172.
近一百年来现代化进程中的中国乡村—兼论乡村振兴战略中的“乡村” 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
吴理财 《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2018,35(3):15-22
建设什么样的乡村、怎么建设乡村,是近代以来中华民族面对的一个历史性课题。 在近百年中国现代化进程中,乡村不断衰败凋敝,这跟近百年来我国所选取的经济发展道路不无关系,更与人们对于“乡村冶和“乡村发展冶的认识紧密相关。 在相当长的一个历史时期内,人们简单地将“乡村冶与“农业冶、“乡村发展冶与“农业发展冶相提并论。 如果不能将乡村视为一个社会的概念,并着力乡村社会建设,即便在经济发展上用尽全力,也将事倍功半。 相似文献
173.
174.
Matthew L. Cookman Jeffrey N. Weatherly 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2016,32(2):499-509
Previous research has shown that there are a number of risk factors for disordered and problem gambling, including an individual’s ethnicity and age. Endorsing gambling as an escape has also been shown to contribute to and maintain disordered gambling. The present study examined potential interactions between ethnicity and age as they relate to disordered gambling, as well as if ethnicity and age would be predictors of endorsing gambling as an escape. Three hundred fifteen adults from the United States completed measures relating to gambling. Participants were grouped into ethnic categories of Caucasian and non-Caucasian, and age groups of 18–25, 26–35, 36–55, and 56 years old and above. Non-Caucasians reported more gambling problems than Caucasians. A significant interaction was found between ethnicity and age for 36–55 year olds. Overall, participants were more likely to gamble for positive than negative reinforcement. However, only gambling as an escape was a significant predictor of disordered gambling. Implications and limitations are discussed with the thought that these results are informative to practitioners treating disordered gambling. 相似文献
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177.
To compare two modes of administration (self-administered; by interviewer) and two response options format (using words; images
of “facial-expressions”) of the first question of SF-36 (Q1SF-36), and to test its validity. We included 825 participants
(20–90 years). Q1SF-36, using words or images, was included in a global questionnaire interview and at the end participants
filled the SF-36. The agreement was tested by weighted kappa coefficients (WKappa). Classification Trees were used in the
calibration of Q1SF-36 responses, with the physical (PDSF36) and mental dimensions of SF-36. Polyserial correlation coefficients
and areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were used for validation. After categorization, using PDSF36 classification trees, the
WKappa were 0.770 (self-administered vs. interviewer), 0.569 (self-administered vs. facial-expressions) and 0.566 (interviewer
vs. facial-expressions). The WKappa between the PDSF36 and the modes (self-administered, interviewer and facial-expressions)
were 0.784, 0.713 and 0.579 and the corresponding polyserial correlation coefficients were 0.784, 0.713 and 0.579. A good
discriminatory power was found comparing the modes with the PDSF36 (AUC = 0.907, 0.923 and 0.827), but not with mental dimension
(AUC = 0.538, 0.501 and 0.629). The Q1SF-36, by self-administration or interviewer, may be a valid alternative for assessment
of subjective physical health, but not mental health. 相似文献
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179.
Julia L. Carboni 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2016,27(4):1781-1808
Social service contracting to nongovernmental organizations is popular form of privatization across the world. Although nonprofits are preferable social service providers for legal and normative reasons, governments in the United States increasingly rely on for-profit organizations to deliver social services. This trend warrants further exploration about whether nonprofits or for-profits perform according to theoretical expectations when they exist in the same market. This study employs qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to examine how sector-public, nonprofit, and for-profit-combines with structural variables to produce acceptable contract performance in juvenile justice programs. QCA is a discovery-oriented research tool that determines whether combinations of variables within cases produce a specific outcome and whether those combinations are consistent across cases. I find sector is not a necessary or sufficient predictor of acceptable performance on its own. Rather it combines with market factors to lead to acceptable contract performance. Combinations vary by sector, indicating that sectors behave differently in similar circumstances. The primary theoretical contribution of this paper is to provide a nuanced account of contract performance in mixed sector markets. 相似文献
180.
Stephan Klasen Tatyana Krivobokova Friederike Greb Rahul Lahoti Syamsul Hidayat Pasaribu Manuel Wiesenfarth 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2016,14(2):199-225
We critically review conceptual and empirical issues surrounding the derivation of the international poverty line, expressed in PPP-adjusted dollars and linked to various rounds of the International Comparison Program (ICP). We find that there are some limitations in the current estimation of these lines, but show that statistically superior methods lead to lines that are relatively robust and confirm the $1.25 using 2005 PPPs and suggest $1.67–1.71 using 2011 PPPs (or close to the $1.90 proposed by the World Bank if we follow the World Bank’s approach of adjusting inflation rates in some countries); they also roughly confirm the current shape of the proposed ‘weakly relative’ poverty line. Using the new absolute line based on 2011 PPPs would lead to substantially lower poverty in our estimation. The extent of the decline depends on whether and how one treats China, India, and Indonesia differently from other countries in the 2005 and 2011 PPPs. More seriously, we note that the dependence on successive ICP rounds creates conceptual and empirical problems that have become worse over time so that we suggest that it would be best to consider alternatives to the current reliance on ICP rounds and the resulting PPPs. As a short-term solution we propose to fix the international poverty line in national currencies using either the 2005 or 2011 level; in the medium term, we argue for global poverty measurement based on internationally coordinated national poverty measurement. 相似文献