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701.
David J. Phillips 《Information, Communication & Society》2002,5(3):406-424
Online surveillance interferes with the individual's ability to control their expressive identity - to determine the scope of the social context in which their activities are to be seen and interpreted. Entrepreneurs have responded to these concerns by offering pseudonymizers, which employ cryptographic techniques to allow users to create several unlinkable personae and choose among them when engaging in various online interactions. This article investigates the tension between pseudonymity as a design paradigm for privacy technologies and as a lived practice for users. Because coming out - strategic revelation and the claiming of identity - has been at the core of the gay liberation movement, this article posits a politically and sexually active gay professional man as an ideal user of pseudonymity software, and places the design logic of pseudonymity within that particular set of social understandings. It reveals the conflicts, contradictions and trade-offs inherent in that use. Pseudonymity permits a very strong control of identity. It permits the user to segregate his public performances, and to engage in public debate without fear of bodily retribution. However, it is all but useless as a means of controlling the social context of those performances. It requires that decisions about self-presentation in certain contexts be made in ignorance of who is sharing that context, and with what resources or purpose. While it promotes the production of multiple selves, those selves are not easily lent to practices of intimacy or community. Pseudonymity also facilitates profiling practices that define and reify classes of people, even as it protects the individual from some of the repercussions of being defined as part of that class. In short, pseudonymity software is informed by a politics of heroics rather than of community. 相似文献
702.
Jennifer Connolly Wendy Craig Adele Goldberg Debra Pepler 《Journal of research on adolescence》2004,14(2):185-207
This study examined dating‐stage and developmental‐contextual models of romantic relationships during early adolescence. Same‐gender friendships, affiliation with mixed‐gender groups, dating, and romantic relationships were investigated in a sample of 1,284 young adolescents of diverse ethnocultural backgrounds. Data were collected cross‐sectionally in Grades 5 through 8, as well as longitudinally in the fall and spring of an academic year. Consistent with a stage model, affiliation with mixed‐gender groups and dating were qualitatively distinct activities that were sequentially organized and facilitated the progression from same‐gender friendships to dyadic romantic relationships. The results also provide insights on how the developmental context may alter stage pathways: Dating activities were incorporated with mixed‐gender affiliations, group‐based romantic stages showed more stability than other stages, and the ethnocultural context influenced romantic timing. Finally, results indicated that participation in romantic activities heightened adolescents' future interest in having a romantic relationship. 相似文献
703.
704.
Clearly, the Internet represents a huge new step in interpersonal communications. It offers people with disabilities the possibility of confronting the issues of time, space, communication and the body, but what happens when people with disabilities engage with the computer? Do they use the Internet to develop friendships and intimate relationships? Does online communication enhance self‐identity and social being? Do people use the Internet to transcend the vagaries of their frail and vulnerable bodies? Or are they simply ‘holding the line’ online, using the Internet as they would use a letter or a telephone? Is the Internet a chimera, a failed promise, for people with disabilities? 相似文献
705.
This paper presents the results of a photovoice project involving mothers with learning difficulties. Photovoice is a technique that challenges the established politics of representation by putting people in charge of how they document their own lives. The authors describe how the project was carried out and the problems they encountered. Analysis of the content of the mothers' photo albums in the context of their own personal stories throws light on both their individual lives and their collective experience. The results challenge discriminatory views of the women as different mums. 相似文献
706.
Pamela J. Smock Wendy D. Manning Meredith Porter 《Journal of marriage and the family》2005,67(3):680-696
Cohabitation is now the modal path to marriage in the United States. Drawing on data from 115 in‐depth interviews with cohabitors from the working and lower middle classes, this paper explores how economics shape marital decision making. We find that cohabitors typically perceive financial issues as important for marriage, and we delineate several key themes. Whereas some social scientists speculate that cohabitors must think that marriage will change their lives in order to motivate marriage, our findings suggest that cohabitors believe marriage should occur once something has already changed—in this case, their financial status. Our results also imply that political and scientific discourse on financial problems as deterrents to marriage should be broadened beyond a focus on poor unmarried parents. 相似文献
707.
Susan D. Stewart Wendy D. Manning Pamela J. Smock 《Journal of marriage and the family》2003,65(1):90-104
Our study investigates whether fatherhood, and specifically involvement with nonresident children, influence men's entrance into marital and cohabiting unions. Using the National Survey of Families and Households, our findings suggest that neither resident nor nonresident children affect men's chances of entering a new marriage, but nonresident children have a positive effect on cohabitation. The positive association between nonresident children and men's union formation is not uniform; instead, we find that it is involvement with nonresident children, specifically visitation, that enhances men's chances of forming new unions. Whereas women's obligations to children from prior unions represent a resource drain that lowers their chances of union formation, our analysis suggests that involved nonresident fathers are more likely to enter subsequent unions than other men. 相似文献
708.
709.
In this article we examine the debate preceding the most recent war in Iraq to show how gendered framing can compromise the
quality of debate. Drawing on a sample of national news discourse in the year before the war began, we show that both anti-war
and pro-war speakers draw on binary images of gender to construct their cases for or against war. Speakers cast the Bush administration’s
argument for invasion either as a correct “macho” stance or as inappropriate, out-of-control masculinity. The most prominent
gendered image in war debate is that of the cowboy, used to characterize both President Bush and US foreign policy in general.
The cowboy is positioned against a diplomatic form of masculinity that is associated with Europe and valued by anti-war speakers,
but criticized by pro-war speakers. Articles that draw on gender images show a lower quality of the debate, measured by the
extent to which reasons rather than ad hominem arguments are used to support or rebut assertions.
Wendy M. Christensen is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research interests include gender and war, discourse, qualitative internet methodology and the sociology of culture. She is currently working on her dissertation, a study of how the mothers of current US soldiers use online support groups to mobilize around gendered ideas about politics, support, and motherhood. Myra Marx Ferree is Martindale-Bascom Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Director of the Center for German and European Studies. Her interest is in gender, political discourses and feminist mobilization. She recently has co-authored Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States (Cambridge 2002) and co-edited Global Feminism: Women’s Organizing, Advocacy and Human Rights (New York University Press, 2006). 相似文献
Myra Marx FerreeEmail: |
Wendy M. Christensen is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research interests include gender and war, discourse, qualitative internet methodology and the sociology of culture. She is currently working on her dissertation, a study of how the mothers of current US soldiers use online support groups to mobilize around gendered ideas about politics, support, and motherhood. Myra Marx Ferree is Martindale-Bascom Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Director of the Center for German and European Studies. Her interest is in gender, political discourses and feminist mobilization. She recently has co-authored Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States (Cambridge 2002) and co-edited Global Feminism: Women’s Organizing, Advocacy and Human Rights (New York University Press, 2006). 相似文献
710.
Katie McDonald Wendy Scaife Susan Smyllie 《The Australian journal of social issues》2011,46(2):163-182
This article investigates the complex phenomenon of major gift giving to charitable institutions. Drawing on empirical evidence from interviews with 16 Australian major donors (who gave a single gift of at least AU$10,000 in 2008 or 2009), we seek to better understand donor expectations and (dis) satisfaction. Given growing need for social services, and the competition among nonprofit organisations (NPOs) to secure sustainable funding, this research is particularly timely. Currently, little is known about major donors' expectations, wants and needs. Equity theory, with the concept of reciprocity at its core, was found to provide a useful framework for understanding these phenomena. A model of equitable major gift relationships was developed from the data, which portrays balanced relationships and identifies potential areas of dissatisfaction for major donors. We conclude by offering suggestions for NPOs seeking to understand the complexities of major gift relationships, with practical implications for meeting donors' needs. 相似文献