Bayesian estimation for the exponentiated Weibull model under Type II progressive censoring

Based on progressive Type II censored samples, we have derived the maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators for the two shape parameters and the reliability function of the exponentiated Weibull lifetime model. We obtained Bayes estimators using both the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions via squared error loss and linex loss functions. This was done with respect to the conjugate priors for two shape parameters. We used an approximation based on the Lindley (Trabajos de Stadistca 21, 223–237, 1980) method for obtaining Bayes estimates under these loss functions. We made comparisons between these estimators and the maximum likelihood estimators using a Monte Carlo simulation study.     

Ownership Strategy and Foreign Affiliate Performance in Multinational Family Business Groups: A Double-edged Sword

We argue that ownership strategies can be a double edged sword for multinational family business groups from emerging economies and the performance of their affiliates located abroad. We test an integrated framework based on internalization and agency theory on a longitudinal dataset of multinational family business groups from Taiwan. We find evidence for the contingent impact of cultural differences and family management on the association between ownership strategy and affiliate performance. While direct ownership is seen as offering more control over the affiliate, we show that this comes at a performance cost for affiliates in culturally different host countries and affiliates under family management. Indirect ownership seems to be one way to positively influence affiliate performance in culturally distant countries, but seems not to be contingent on family management utilization.     

SERVICE TYPOLOGIES: A STATE OF THE ART SURVEY

Services comprise an ever-expanding source of employment in the world's economies and are of significant interest to both academicians and practitioners. In this study, historical perspectives from which to view service typologies are provided and four decades of service typologies are chronicled. The interest in services demonstrated by academicians is tracked over time as are the purposes for which typologies have been developed. A unified schematic representation of services is developed in which the common themes underlying service typology development are identified from both a macro and micro level. Based on this study, areas for future research are identified.     

Poverty affects access to regular source of primary care among the general population in Hong Kong

A territory‐wide two‐stage stratified random sample of 2,282 community‐dwelling Hong Kong adults were surveyed between 2014 and 2015 to investigate the association between poverty and regular source of primary care utilization. Poverty was operationalized by income‐poverty and deprivation. About 94% of our sample reported having regular source of primary care (Western and/or Chinese medical practitioner) and about 69% among them were in private sector. Multivariable logistic regression showed that people who were income‐poor and deprived were less likely to have regular source of primary care (income‐poor: OR = 0.523, p = .027; deprived: OR = 0.488, p = .007) and visit private primary care doctors (income‐poor: OR = 0.445, deprived: OR = 0.222, both p < .0001). Those who had chronic diseases were more likely to have regular source of primary care (multimorbid: OR = 10.709, p < .0001), but less likely to access care in the private sector (one chronic disease: OR = 0.690, p = .019; multimorbid: OR = 0.374, p < .0001) than those without. Further, being older and less skilled were significantly associated with less likelihood of visiting a private doctor. Path analysis showed that the number of chronic diseases had significant indirect effect on having regular source of primary care with being income‐poor and deprived as the mediators (β = ?.0183, p = .0016). Therefore, despite a public health‐care system that aims to deny no one from adequate health care for lack of means, regular source of primary care in Hong Kong is found to be pro‐rich. Future policies should tackle the problem of health‐care inequalities to meet the needs of the underprivileged.     

A Cross‐Ethnic Study of Adolescents' Depressed Mood and the Erosion of Parental and Peer Warmth During the Transition to Young Adulthood

This 1‐year longitudinal study investigated the effects of adolescents' depressed mood on perceived parental and peer warmth during the transition to young adulthood. We hypothesized that ethnicity would moderate such effects. As part of a larger study, 511 adolescents (154 European, 205 Hispanic, and 152 Asian Americans) participated in this research. They were surveyed shortly before their high school graduation and again 1 year later. Analyses based on 2‐wave cross‐lagged models showed that higher levels of initial depressive symptoms predicted lower levels of subsequent perceived parental and peer warmth for European Americans. For Asian Americans, higher initial depressed mood was significantly associated with lower levels of perceived peer warmth and was marginally associated with lower levels of parental warmth. In contrast, the erosion of parental and peer warmth was not evident for Hispanic Americans. The role of culture in the erosion of parental and peer warmth during life transitions was discussed.     

Behind the Myth of the Matriarch and the Flagbearer: How Korean and Chinese American Sons and Daughters Negotiate Gender,Family, and Emotions

While more studies are exploring the ways in which gender structures the family experiences of American‐born children of immigrants, there is less attention to how gender shapes later views on ethnicity and culture. Based on interviews with Korean, Chinese, and Taiwanese Americans in the New York–New Jersey metropolitan area, this article examines the different ways second‐generation children learn, interpret, and pass on the cultural values and family traditions in their adulthood. Because their family roles center on their roles as leaders and carriers of the family name through male heirs, sons—especially oldest sons—can fulfill their filial obligations through relatively orthodox and nonengaging cultural practices that although restrictive, do not threaten their personal goals and privileged status. However, daughters must negotiate more emotionally burdensome expectations and responsibilities by preserving family honor, acting as family caretakers, and juggling multiple responsibilities; thus, they tend to re‐create more subtle, self‐empowering, and emotionally engaging ways of interpreting and preserving their parents’ expectations on family culture. I argue that the gendered ways daughters and sons are taught to practice cultural values and protect family honor has significant bearing on their later views on ethnicity and culture but in complex ways that transcend the generational divide.     

A profile Godambe information of power transformations for ARCH time series

Due to Godambe (1985 Godambe, V.P. (1985). The foundation of finite sample estimation in stochastic processes. Biometrika 72:419–428.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), one can obtain the Godambe optimum estimating functions (EFs) each of which is optimum (in the sense of maximizing the Godambe information) within a linear class of EFs. Quasi-likelihood scores can be viewed as special cases of the Godambe optimum EFs (see, for instance, Hwang and Basawa, 2011 Hwang, S.Y., Basawa, I.V. (2011). Godambe estimating functions and asymptotic optimal inference. Stat. Probab. Lett. 81:1121–1127.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The paper concerns conditionally heteroscedastic time series with unknown likelihood. Power transformations are introduced in innovations to construct a class of Godambe optimum EFs. A “best” power transformation for Godambe innovation is then obtained via maximizing the “profile” Godambe information. To illustrate, the KOrea Stock Prices Index is analyzed for which absolute value transformation and square transformation are recommended according to the ARCH(1) and GARCH(1,1) models, respectively.     

Inventory placement problems in dynamic supply chains

Summary  In this paper a basic model for analyzing the inventory placement problem in a supply chain is developed. The problem will be studied for a capacitated, multi-stage supply chain facing a continuous, stochastic demand for a single period for a single product — a specialty item with a very short selling season. The objective is to maximize the probability of achieving a set profit level. We prove that finding an optimal stock investment at the stages entails solving a mixed binary integer linear program. We characterize properties of the stock investment, examine two interesting cases where the stock investments have a simple structure, and develop a branch and bound approach for solving the more general case.

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Zusammenfassung  In diesem Beitrag wird ein Grundmodell entwickelt, um das Problem der Lagerplatzierung in einer Lieferkette analysieren zu k?nnen. Das Problem wird für eine kapazitierte mehrstufige Lieferkette untersucht, wobei unterstellt wird, dass es um die Nachfrage nach einem einzigen Produkt für eine einzige Periode (einen Sonderartikel mit sehr kurzer Verkaufszeit) geht und diese Nachfrage stetig und stochastisch ist. Unter diesen Bedingungen soll die Wahrscheinlichkeit maximiert werden, ein vorgegebenes Gewinnniveau zu erreichen. Die Suche nach der optimalen Vorratsinvestition auf den Stufen der Lieferkette führt zur Formulierung eines gemischten ganzzahligen linearen Programmierungsproblems mit Bin?rvariablen. Die Eigenschaften der Bevorratungsinvestition werden charakterisiert, zwei interessante F?lle mit einer einfachen Struktur der Bevorratungsinvestition untersucht und ein Branch-and-Bound-Ansatz zur L?sung eines allgemeineren Problemfalls entwickelt.

     

Work Discrimination and Coping Strategies: Conceptual Frameworks for Counseling Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Clients

Two conceptual models are proposed in this article—one for work discrimination and the other for discrimination coping strategies pertaining to lesbian, gay, and bisexual workers. The work discrimination model includes 3 dimensions (formal vs. informal, potential vs. encountered, and perceived vs. real). The coping strategies model outlines methods that deal with potential and encountered discriminations. It includes vocational choice and work adjustment strategies; the latter are further categorized under identity management or discrimination management strategies.