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Wolfgang Bielefeld 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1992,3(1):48-70
The relationships between funding heterogeneity and organisational structure and functioning were examined for a panel of non-profit organisations. Resource dependence and institutional theory were used to derive hypotheses predicting positive associations between funding heterogeneity and non-profit boundary spanning, modelling and participation in collective efforts. For non-profits which were less vulnerable to institutional aspects of their environments, funding heterogeneity was found to have a positive effect on boundary spanning, consistent with resource dependence theory. For non-profits which were more vulnerable to institutional factors, on the other hand, funding heterogeneity was found to have positive effects on modelling and participation in collective efforts; consistent with institutional theory. These results argue that resource dependence and institutional theory need to be combined for the analysis of organisation-environment relations and suggest how this could be accomplished.The research described in this article was sponsored by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Program on Nonprofit Organizations at Yale University, and the University of Minnesota. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1990 Meetings of the American Sociological Association, August 11–15, Washington, D.C. 相似文献
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Wolfgang Roth 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2002,33(2):197-211
In his palae-anthropological work on the ‘aggressiveness of taking offence’, German medical researcher Rudolf Bilz initially developed the present-day meaning of the term ‘mobbing’. Building on Bilz’s theory, we develop two schemes that allow a differentiated classification of conflicts within and between groups, and corresponding group phenomena including mobbing and bossing. The implications of applying this framework to diagnosis, intervention and prevention of mobbing are discussed. Key issue is the implementation of group norms, which is the essence of the atavistic mobbing mechanism and has to be brought into the open. There is a need for replacement by alternatives such as more intensive group contact, supervision, group leadership, works councils, and mediation. 相似文献
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Modelling concurrency of events in on-line auctions via spatiotemporal semiparametric models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wolfgang Jank Galit Shmueli 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2007,56(1):1-27
Summary. We introduce a semiparametric approach for modelling the effect of concurrent events on an outcome of interest. Concurrency manifests itself as temporal and spatial dependences. By temporal dependence we mean the effect of an event in the past. Modelling this effect is challenging since events arrive at irregularly spaced time intervals. For the spatial part we use an abstract notion of 'feature space' to conceptualize distances among a set of item features. We motivate our model in the context of on-line auctions by modelling the effect of concurrent auctions on an auction's price. Our concurrency model consists of three components: a transaction-related component that accounts for auction design and bidding competition, a spatial component that takes into account similarity between item features and a temporal component that accounts for recently closed auctions. To construct each of these we borrow ideas from spatial and mixed model methodology. The power of this model is illustrated on a large and diverse set of laptop auctions on eBay.com. We show that our model results in superior predictive performance compared with a set of competitor models. The model also allows for new insight into the factors that drive price in on-line auctions and their relationship to bidding competition, auction design, product variety and temporal learning effects. 相似文献
167.
Brian C. O'Neill Sergei Scherbov Wolfgang Lutz 《Population and development review》1999,25(4):749-756
Existing long-range population projections imply that the timing of the fertility transition has a relatively unimportant effect on long-term population size when compared with the impact of the level at which fertility is assumed eventually to stabilize. However, this note shows that the effect of the timing of fertility decline is a function of the eventual fertility rate: the lower the eventual fertility rate, the greater the effect of the timing of the transition becomes. This finding has important implications for projection methodology, as well as for policies related to the consequences of long-term levels of population size. 相似文献
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Theory and Decision - 相似文献
170.
The effect of changes in age structure on economic growth has been widely studied in the demography and population economics literature. The beneficial effect of changes in age structure after a decrease in fertility has become known as the “demographic dividend.” In this article, we reassess the empirical evidence on the associations among economic growth, changes in age structure, labor force participation, and educational attainment. Using a global panel of countries, we find that after the effect of human capital dynamics is controlled for, no evidence exists that changes in age structure affect labor productivity. Our results imply that improvements in educational attainment are the key to explaining productivity and income growth and that a substantial portion of the demographic dividend is an education dividend. 相似文献