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181.
Zheng-Feng Li Ruey-Chyi Hwang Chih-Tung Huang 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2010,4(3):419-432
Widely read in many areas, Professor David Bloor is arguably the pre-eminent authority in the field of STS (Science, Technology
and Society). Since his influential book, Knowledge and Social Imagery, was published in 1976, the Strong Programme and its four tenets have become widely known. Professor Bloor was a member of
the so-called Edinburgh School who proposed that scientific knowledge could not, and should not, be exempted from sociological
analysis. Inspired by Wittgenstein’s philosophy, Professor Bloor and his colleagues introduced the concept of finitism to
further explain why all knowledge claims are constructed in a specific social frame, to which sociologists have a lot to contribute.
Noting the special intellectual position of finitism, this interview started from this topic. We then moved onto the achievements
of the Strong Programme in the past 30 years. Professor Bloor also explained his recent work and the way STS beginners discover
meaningful case studies. We ended this interview by asking his suggestions toward the burgeoning STS field in East Asia. This
interview with Professor Bloor is a step toward a deeper understanding of the Edinburgh School. 相似文献
182.
Simultaneously testing a family of n null hypotheses can arise in many applications. A common problem in multiple hypothesis testing is to control Type-I error. The probability of at least one false rejection referred to as the familywise error rate (FWER) is one of the earliest error rate measures. Many FWER-controlling procedures have been proposed. The ability to control the FWER and achieve higher power is often used to evaluate the performance of a controlling procedure. However, when testing multiple hypotheses, FWER and power are not sufficient for evaluating controlling procedure’s performance. Furthermore, the performance of a controlling procedure is also governed by experimental parameters such as the number of hypotheses, sample size, the number of true null hypotheses and data structure. This paper evaluates, under various experimental settings, the performance of some FWER-controlling procedures in terms of five indices, the FWER, the false discovery rate, the false non-discovery rate, the sensitivity and the specificity. The results can provide guidance on how to select an appropriate FWER-controlling procedure to meet a study’s objective. 相似文献
183.
Steve H. Murdock Kenneth Backman Sean-Shong Hwang Rita R. Hamm 《Sociological inquiry》1991,61(4):491-504
Post-1980 internal migration patterns were unanticipated, and prevailing explanations of them fail to account for the effects of new international relationships. A human ecological theory is developed which suggests an explanation based on the sphere of sustenance activities in ecosystems and relative dominance in these activities. Larger net migration was expected for counties specialized in activities that operate in international ecosystems in which the United States is dominant and less in other types of counties. The results for post-1980 migration in United States counties support these expectations and the utility of an expanded human ecological perspective. 相似文献
184.
Order Consolidation for Batch Processing 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We consider the batch processing of orders where either whole or part of a single order or a specific pair of different orders may be grouped in a batch with a fixed capacity. The problem can be modelled by a graph G = (V,E), where each node v
V corresponds to an order, its weight w(v) corresponds to the amount of ordered quantity and a pair of orders, say u and v may be grouped in a batch if there exists the edge (u,v)
E. The objective is to maximize the number of batches filled up to its capacity
. In this paper, we prove that the problem is NP-hard and, moreover, that no PTAS exists unless P = NP. Then, an optimal algorithm is developed with running time O(|V|log |V|) for the special case when G is a tree. 相似文献
185.
A panel study consists of individuals who have data collected at periodic follow-up visits or pre-specified time points following entry into the study. The objective of this paper is to consider design issues in a panel study when the response variable is the stage of disease, and with focus on the transition intensities. Important design issues include the choice of the time interval between follow-up visits and sample size considerations. We study the effects of time intervals between follow-up visits on the precision of the transition intensities estimators. We also consider the power of statistical tests on the ratio of transition intensities. Discussion is extended to incorporate heterogeneity in the population in which frailty is introduced to describe subject-specific transition intensities. 相似文献
186.
Neighborhood Selection and Residential Segregation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Residential segregation has long been a topic of investigation for urban scholars. In attempting to understand this phenomenon, most researchers have examined the characteristics of different residential neighborhoods (typically census tracts) and have often compared the composition of the population within the census tract over time. This study looks at the household characteristics of the mobile family, as well as the aggregate characteristics of the census tract into which the family moves. The findings reveal that households display a tendency to move to areas where the existing population has characteristics similar to their own. A multiple logit analysis reveals that the race/ethnicity of the household is generally the best predictor of the neighborhood where the household will move. 相似文献
187.
Abstract Nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) residential segregation in 1990 and change in the preceding decade have received insufficient attention. A set of empirical hypotheses are derived and assessed using nonmetro and metropolitan (metro) counties in Texas. Places in nonmetro counties were more segregated than places in metro counties in 1990 as in 1980. Substantial declines in segregation occurred in both nonmetro and metro places but were largest in growing places in nonmetro counties. An analysis controlling for other determinants of segregation supports the premise that population change was a major determinant of 1980–1990 change in segregation. Implications for nonmetro areas in the 1990s are discussed. 相似文献
188.
Ann M. Frodi Michael E. Lamb Carl-Philip Hwang Majt Frodi 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1983,5(3):142-163
The effects of parental gender and caretaking role on parental attitudes, parent-infant interaction, infant-parent attachment, infants' sociability with strangers and their parental preferences were examined in a longitudinal study of fifty-one Swedish couples. Fathers who later spent more than a month out of the first nine as primary caretakers were considered involved or nontraditional. The parents were interviewed separately, prenatally, and five months postnatally. Parent-infant interaction was observed, security of attachment and sociability with strangers were assessed, and the infants' parental preferences were determined. Many parental attitudes were stable from the pre-to postnatal interview. Parenthood and work were more highly valued by nontraditional than traditional parents. Regardless of relative involvement in child care, infants directed more affiliative and attachment behaviors to their mothers than to their fathers. No relationship was found between relative parental involvement and the security of infant attachment. There was also no relationship between the security of infant-mother and infant-father attachments. 相似文献
189.
Task Analysis for Industrial Work Process from Aspects of Human Reliability and System Safety 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In the design, development, and manufacturing stage of industrial products, engineers usually focus on the problems caused by hardware or software, but pay less attention to problems caused by human error, which may significantly affect system reliability and safety. Although operating procedures are strictly followed, human error still may occur occasionally. Among the influencing factors, the inappropriate design of standard operation procedure (SOP) or standard assembly procedure (SAP) is an important and latent reason for unexpected results found during human operation. To reduce the error probability and error effects of these unexpected behaviors in the industrial work process, overall evaluation of SOP or SAP quality has become an essential task. The human error criticality analysis (HECA) method was developed to identify the potentially critical problems caused by human error in the human operation system. This method performs task analysis on the basis of operation procedure. For example, SOP, analyzes the human error probability (HEP) for each human operation step, and assesses its error effects to the whole system. The results of the analysis will show the interrelationship that exists between critical human tasks, critical human error modes, and human reliability information of the human operation system. To identify the robustness of the model, a case study of initiator assembly tasks was conducted. Results show that the HECA method is practicable in evaluating the operation procedure, and the information is valuable in identifying the means to upgrade human reliability and system safety for human tasks. 相似文献
190.