绿色增长下的导向性技术创新选择研究

针对如何正确引导 GHG 排放的气候反馈经济损失下导向性技术创新,以实现长期的绿色增长这一问题,基于 DICE 模型,重构导向性技术创新不同的动力要素及其与气候变化之间的内生关系,建立了可体现绿色增长“均衡性”、“包容性”和“可持续性”的非线性最优控制模型。数值仿真结果显示: 气候反馈经济损失不容小觑; 偏于生产的绿色技术创新导向下社会生产力强劲但存在气候环境恶化风险,偏于减排的绿色技术创新导向下气候反馈经济损失小但存在增长动力匮乏风险,二者虽均可实现长期的绿色增长,但中性的绿色技术创新导向会更稳妥; 偏于生产的绿色技术创新导向下人均消费变化率在短期内会显著提升。     

Bounds on the domination number of a digraph

A vertex subset S of a digraph D is called a dominating set of D if every vertex not in S is adjacent from at least one vertex in S. The domination number of D, denoted by \(\gamma (D)\), is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of D. The Slater number \(s\ell (D)\) is the smallest integer t such that t added to the sum of the first t terms of the non-increasing out-degree sequence of D is at least as large as the order of D. For any digraph D of order n with maximum out-degree \(\Delta ^+\), it is known that \(\gamma (D)\ge \lceil n/(\Delta ^++1)\rceil \). We show that \(\gamma (D)\ge s\ell (D)\ge \lceil n/(\Delta ^++1)\rceil \) and the difference between \(s\ell (D)\) and \(\lceil n/(\Delta ^++1)\rceil \) can be arbitrarily large. In particular, for an oriented tree T of order n with \(n_0\) vertices of out-degree 0, we show that \((n-n_0+1)/2\le s\ell (T)\le \gamma (T)\le 2s\ell (T)-1\) and moreover, each value between the lower bound \(s\ell (T)\) and the upper bound \(2s\ell (T)-1\) is attainable by \(\gamma (T)\) for some oriented trees. Further, we characterize the oriented trees T for which \(s\ell (T)=(n-n_0+1)/2\) hold and show that the difference between \(s\ell (T)\) and \((n-n_0+1)/2\) can be arbitrarily large. Some other elementary properties involving the Slater number are also presented.     

不同质量权重评分规则下的多维招标机制设计

本文主要研究包括价格变量及非价格变量(质量)的多维招标机制设计,在Che模型评分规则的基础上引入新的参数,研究了赋予质量不同权重的第一高分和第二高分招标机制的均衡情况。研究发现,不管新参数如何变化,第一高分招标和第二高分招标是等价的。在该评分规则下,买方还可以灵活根据自己的质量偏好、设定质量门槛筛选企业。如果买方和中标企业在中标后有协调机制,则能实现共赢、社会福利的最大化。     

边界Logistic违约率模型Bayes分析及实证研究

Cramer^[1]指出了一般Logistic违约率模型容易出现的问题并提出了边界Logistic违约率模型.本文采用了不同于Cramer(2004)的Bayes分析方法对边界Logistic模型的后验分布的性质进行了分析,从理论上说明了边界Logistic违约率模型更优越的原因.然后利用中国公司数据展开实证研究,不仅找到了Cramer问题的中国证据,同时还发现Bayes边界Logistic违约率模型不仅能够克服Cramer问题,而且对临界值不敏感,同时预测效率也相对较高.     

和谐管理双规则机制的探索性分析与验证

运用访谈和问卷调查相结合的方法,考察了企业组织解决管理问题的思路和模式,验证了“双规则”机制在企业组织中存在的普遍性,进一步论证了和谐管理理论所倡导的“双规则”机制问题求解思路的可行性,为复杂多变环境下的管理问题求解提供了有益的启示和积极的指导作用。     

企业人力资本定价的博弈论与系统动力学分析

人力资本定价是人力资本理论的核心问题,在一系列假设的基础上,运用系统动力学原理构建人力资本定价对企业合约牢固度的影响模型,运用博弈论对该模型进行静态和动态的分析.结果表明,当人力资本定价使人力资本与非人力资本对各自的投资回报率均满意时,企业合约才是牢固的;当双方只有一方满意时,随着博弈次数的增加,双方会趋向均满意或均不满意.对假设进行了修正分析,得到人力资本合理定价应当遵循的三大原则,即双赢原则和间接、多次、动态原则以及鼓励再投资原则.     

Leveraging risk assessment for foodborne outbreak investigations: The Quantitative Risk Assessment-Epidemic Curve Prediction Model

Root cause analysis can be used in foodborne illness outbreak investigations to determine the underlying causes of an outbreak and to help identify actions that could be taken to prevent future outbreaks. We developed a new tool, the Quantitative Risk Assessment-Epidemic Curve Prediction Model (QRA-EC), to assist with these goals and applied it to a case study to investigate and illustrate the utility of leveraging quantitative risk assessment to provide unique insights for foodborne illness outbreak root cause analysis. We used a 2019 Salmonella outbreak linked to melons as a case study to demonstrate the utility of this model (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2019). The model was used to evaluate the impact of various root cause hypotheses (representing different contamination sources and food safety system failures in the melon supply chain) on the predicted number and timeline of illnesses. The predicted number of illnesses varied by contamination source and was strongly impacted by the prevalence and level of Salmonella contamination on the surface/inside of whole melons and inside contamination niches on equipment surfaces. The timeline of illnesses was most strongly impacted by equipment sanitation efficacy for contamination niches. Evaluations of a wide range of scenarios representing various potential root causes enabled us to identify which hypotheses, were likely to result in an outbreak of similar size and illness timeline to the 2019 Salmonella melon outbreak. The QRA-EC framework can be adapted to accommodate any food–pathogen pairs to provide insights for foodborne outbreak investigations.     

边界Logistic违约率模型及实证研究

在前人研究基础上对边界Logistic违约率模型展开进一步研究.首先通过抽样分布性质的研究从理论上说明了为什么边界Logistic违约率模型更优越.然后利用中国公司数据展开实证研究,不仅找到了Cramer问题的中国证据,同时还发现边界Logistic违约率模型不仅能够克服Cramer问题、而且对临界值不敏感、同时预测效率也相对较高.     

资产收益序列相依下的多阶段投资博弈模型

现有投资组合优化研究普遍假设投资者之间相互独立,且假定标的资产在不同阶段的收益序列不具相关性.然而在实际投资过程中,投资者往往是相互影响,资产收益序列也存在相依特征.基于多阶段投资组合优化和纳什均衡理论,利用相对绩效来刻画投资者之间的博弈现象,以每个投资者的相对终端财富的期望效用水平为目标,构建多阶段投资组合博弈模型.在资产收益序列相依情形下,给出了纳什均衡投资策略和相应值函数的解析表达式,以及纳什均衡投资策略与传统策略的关系.采用累计经验分布函数和夏普比率等指标,对纳什均衡投资策略与传统策略进行仿真比较,分析了纳什均衡投资策略随投资者反应敏感系数的变化趋势.结果表明:相比于传统的投资策略,当考虑竞争对手的相对绩效时,纳什均衡策略投资者更愿意冒高风险去追求高收益;并且投资者的反应敏感系数越大,其对风险的偏好程度也越高.     

次分数布朗运动下带交易费用的备兑权证定价

为了体现金融资产的长记忆性,采用次分数布朗运动刻画备兑权证标的资产价格变化的行为模式。利用随机分析理论和偏微分方程方法,建立了次分数布朗运动下带交易费用的备兑权证定价模型,进一步研究了定价模型的参数估计问题。最后,采用我国权证市场实际数据进行了实证分析,通过比较不同定价模型的结果说明了长记忆性和交易费用对定价结果有着显著的影响。