Determining species specific nightly bat activity in sites with varying urban intensity

Time of peak bat activity during the night differs among bat species due to temperature, prey availability, habitat availability, and/or interactions between species. Habitat availability is altered in urban areas, which may affect insect prey availability and interspecies interactions. Our objectives were to use mobile acoustic monitoring to determine when bat species were active in a single night in urban and nonurban sites and if nightly bat activity patterns differed in urban versus nonurban sites. Bat echolocation call sequences were recorded using Anabat acoustic detectors while driving transects through the night at five sites (three “urban” and two “nonurban”) located in the Piedmont region of north-central North Carolina from May through August 2016. Transects were driven three times per night starting 45 min, 180 min, and 300 min after sunset. Recorded echolocation call sequences were analyzed manually using AnalookW and automatically using Bat Call Identification and Echoclass software. Total bat activity was not different between urban and nonurban sites. However, total bat activity was lower later in the night in urban sites, but stayed the same in nonurban sites. Species specifically, there were more Eptesicus fuscus, Lasionycteris noctivagans, and Tadarida brasiliensis call sequences and fewer Lasiurus borealis, Nycticeius humeralis, and Perimyotis subflavus call sequences in urban sites than nonurban sites. There were also fewer E. fuscus, L. noctivagans, and N. humeralis call sequences later in the night in both urban and nonurban sites. Only Lasiurus borealis activity in urban sites later in the night reduced and L. borealis activity in nonurban sites remained at the same. These results suggest that bats in urban areas partition time differently, which is important to consider for urban conservation efforts and planning.     

褒姒灭周新论

传统和当代说法认为褒姒之于西周灭亡不是罪魁元凶,就是替罪羔羊。从传世文献和考古文字材料入手,分析西周王后在宫廷中的政治地位和活动,发现以王后为代表的西周贵族妇女在政治上、家族内部也具有较高的地位;并结合诗经等文献分析西周末年的社会情况,探究西周末期周王室与姜氏、东方贵族封国集团之间难以调和的矛盾,认为褒姒不仅是周幽王的宠姬,更是其政治盟友和斗争工具,她积极参与了幽王派系与申侯势力集团的斗争,并导致了西周的灭亡。     

网络经济中反垄断法的定位:“放任”与“干预”的博弈

网络经济是21世纪创新性的经济形式,对国民经济影响巨大,被誉为国家经济的推进剂和国与国竞争的主战场。尽管存在“自然垄断说”的反垄断法豁免、网络经济中的垄断本身可能有利于消费者利益以及“竞争性垄断”是网络经济的固有特征等网络经济放任说的主张和理论,但网络经济竞争秩序的维护诉求通过反垄断法得以因应是网络经济发展的必然要求。网络经济存在的固有弊端、网络经营者对消费者自由选择权的实质限制以及网络安全对市场多样化的期待是反垄断法“干预”网络经济的重要考虑。     

依托太行山红色文化推进大学生社会主义核心价值观教育

红色文化是在中国共产党领导下中国人民经过长期浴血奋战中形成的伟大精神产物和物质载体。太行山红色文化囊括了革命先辈浴血前行的功绩,更有燕赵人民不屈不挠、奋勇抵抗的事迹见证。高校要充分发挥红色文化与社会主义核心价值观的育人功能,将红色文化内涵转变为当代大学生的精神气质,从多个方向,多个层次发掘和拓展大学生的红色人文主义精神,从而实现社会主义核心价值观教育的实效性。     

房地产泡沫的相关研究综述

文章对房地产泡沫领域的相关研究文献进行了统一的梳理和评论,介绍了究竟什么是泡沫和房地产泡沫,房地产泡沫的程度如何去测量和检定,房地产泡沫是如何形成的,房地产泡沫与宏观经济等经济变量的关系,在此基础上对研究的总体结论进行了概况,同时指出了相关文献的研究局限性,给出了该领域今后的主要研究方向和研究展望。     

美丽乡村建设中图书馆总分馆发展策略探析

在河北省委十八届十二次全会上提出了建设经济强省、美丽河北的号召。美丽乡村建设是其中的重要环节。在乡村文化建设中,图书馆能够起到助力当地公共文化服务的完善、消除城乡数字鸿沟、保存地域文化遗产的作用。而目前河北省总分馆的发展及各类乡村阅服务机构的兴起为乡村图书馆纳入总分馆体系奠定了基础。因此可以从坚持政府主导、吸引民间公益力量、建立紧密型总分馆、选择合适的总馆、提高管理人员素质五个方面努力。     

家庭背景如何影响儿童学业成就?——义务教育阶段家庭社会经济地位影响差异分析

对于家庭背景与儿童学业成就间的关系,既有研究大多着眼于家庭背景对最终教育获得的影响,但教育获得是一个连续过程,对受教育过程缺少分析,就难以理解家庭背景影响儿童受教育机会的过程性机制。本文通过分析中国家庭追踪调查基线数据(CFPS2010),探讨了家庭背景影响儿童学业成就的路径和机制。本文分析结果表明:(1)家庭通过其社会经济资源为儿童提供有差异的教育机会,进而影响儿童的学业表现;(2)家庭通过家长的教育参与和行为支持,培养儿童的学习态度和学习习惯,从而对其学业成就产生影响。进一步的探讨还发现,家庭背景对儿童学业成就的影响路径和机制具有显著的城乡差别,家庭社会经济地位对城市学生成绩的影响大于对农村学生的影响;相比城市学生而言,农村学生的学业成就更多地依赖于自身的学习行为。本文的研究发现对如何缩小儿童学业成就的阶层差异以及促进教育公平提供了依据。     

Red Cross Society in Imperial China, 1904–1912: A Historical Analysis

The Red Cross Society was introduced to China in the 1900s, when the nation was under the authoritarian reign of Qing dynasty. Famines and rebellions, along with the invasion of foreign military forces, created tremendous humanitarian crises that the corrupted imperial government was incapable to address. The Red Cross model was found to be a pragmatic solution by Chinese philanthropists. Using archived press releases, correspondences, and government statements, the study reconstructs the founding process of the first Chinese Red Cross organization from 1904 to 1912. The analysis reveals that the organization reflected the congruent interest of the imperial court and social elites in preserving the sovereignty and was therefore promoted by key players from both political and civil spheres. The trajectory of Red Cross movement in imperial China supports the synergism perspective of institutional theories. It demonstrates how micro-level factors such as leadership ties and alliances contribute to the interdependence of public and private sectors and facilitate the transformation of traditional charity to modern philanthropy.     

Characteristics of atmospheric PM2.5 in stands and non-forest cover sites across urban-rural areas in Beijing,China

Urban Ecosystems - Monitoring air pollution at a city scale is essential for controlling urban air pollution in cities, especially megacities, in China. In this paper, data for 1 city center site...     

The reproductive health indices and sex hormone levels in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the age-related recession trajectory of reproductive health indices in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jiashan County, Zhejiang in 2012. Healthy men between 40 and 80 years of age were considered eligible for the study. Physical examination and the sex hormones were measured. The subjects were assessed based on the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) for Erectile Dysfunction (ED), and Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale for Symptomatic Late-Onset Hypogonadism (SLOH).

Results: TG showed a decrease at age 60 years. Testis volume and TT did not show significant difference among the four age groups; cFT began to decrease at age 50 years and Bio-T decreased faster at age 50 years. SHBG and LH increased faster at age 50 and 70 years, respectively. IIEF5 score decrease faster at age 60 years. AMS scores increased faster at age 70 years. With the increase in age, the symptoms of ED and SLOH became severer.

Conclusion: Different indices on reproductive health of men showed turning points at different ages. At first, androgenic sex hormones decreased faster, and then erectile dysfunction got severer, and the last overall male syndromes declined.